不同类型的一体化编码对青年人和老年人在联结记忆任务中项目再认的影响  

The influence of different types of unitization strategies on the item recognition comprising the unitized association tasks in both younger and older adults

作　　者：王宝玺[1] 王雪静 金朝晖 程琛 向玲[1] WANG Baoxi;WANG Xuejing;JIN Zhaohui;CHENG Chen;XIXANG Ling(School of Psychology,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang 330022,China;The Party School of XPCC of C.P.C,Wujiaqu 831300,China)

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学心理学院,南昌330022 [2]中共新疆生产建设兵团委员会党校,五家渠831300

出　　处：《心理学报》2024年第8期1015-1030,共16页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31560282);江西省高校人文社会科学研究项目(XL21101)。

摘　　要：使用脑电探究不同的一体化对联结记忆任务中项目再认的影响及其相关的神经机制。两个实验分别使用复合词和定义操作自下而上和自上而下一体化。青年人的行为结果发现两种一体化的联结再认相当,项目再认也无显著差异。脑电结果发现复合词减少了顶区新/旧效应,定义缺失额区新/旧效应,说明青年人依据较少的神经活动达到相当的行为表现,支持“只有收益”观点。老年人的结果发现两种一体化都能提高联结再认,但对项目再认的影响不同。复合词在促进联结再认时也促进了项目再认,脑电结果发现仅在复合词下存在额区新/旧效应,显示复合词促进项目再认可能是源于熟悉性的增加,支持“只有收益”的观点。定义在促进联结再认时损害了项目再认,脑电结果发现定义缺失额区新/旧效应,显示定义对项目再认的损害可能源于熟悉性的缺失,支持“收支平衡”的观点。这些结果表明一体化促进还是损害老年人项目再认取决于自下而上和自上而下的一体化对认知资源的需求情况。This study used event related potential(ERP)technology to investigate the effects of different types of unitization on item recognition in both younger and older adults through two experiments.A total of two theoretical accounts concern the role of unitization in both item and associative recognition:“benefits and costs”and“benefits-only”accounts.This study hypothesized that because young adults have more cognitive resources,either type of unitization with different demands on cognitive resources does not impair their item memory.However, older adults have fewer cognitive resources, and whether different types of unitization impair theiritem memory depends on how these demand cognitive resources. Experiment 1 manipulated the level ofbottom-up unitization by using compound words and unrelated words. Experiment 2 manipulated the level oftop-down unitization using definition and sentence.In experiment 1, a total of 19 community-dwelling older and 23 younger adults were asked to learncompound and unrelated word pairs, and during tests, they were asked to perform item recognition andassociative recognition tasks. In experiment 2, a total of 19 community-dwelling older adults and 20 youngeradults were asked to learn word pairs under definition and sentence conditions, and during the test they wererequired to perform item recognition and associative recognition tasks. In our sample of two experiments, allOlder adults completed the mini mental state examination and scored at least 26 pointsFor younger adults, two types of unitization condition had no effect on their associative and itemrecognition. The ERP results of Experiment 1 revealed a comparable frontal old/new effect in both compoundwords and unrelated words condition, and the compound words condition reduced the parietal old/new effect.The ERP results of Experiment 2 indicated that the frontal old/new effect was absent in the definition condition,and both unitization conditions revealed a comparable the parietal old/new effect. For older adults, two types

关 键 词：一体化 项目再认 复合词 定义 记忆老化 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]