同事帮助行为对观察者的人际影响:基于社会比较理论  

The interpersonal effects of coworker helping behavior on observers:Insights from social comparison theory

作　　者：倪丹 郑晓明[2] NI Dan;ZHENG Xiaoming(School of Business,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China;School of Economics and Management,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学管理学院,广州510275 [2]清华大学经济管理学院,北京100084

出　　处：《心理学报》2024年第8期1125-1140,共16页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(72202248);国家自然科学基金面上项目(72172074)。

摘　　要：职场中的帮助行为不仅对施助者、受助者产生重要影响,也会影响观察者的后续反应。现有研究在一定程度上忽视了帮助行为对于观察者的潜在作用。该文章探讨了目睹同事帮助行为对于观察者后续帮助行为的影响。1项问卷调查研究和3项实验研究的数据表明,观察到的同事帮助行为是一把双刃剑,它既增加员工亏欠同事的感知及羞愧情绪,进而产生更多的帮助行为,又可能减少员工基于组织的自尊及自豪情绪,从而产生更少的帮助行为。员工自我对他人的帮助行为水平越高,观察到的同事帮助行为与亏欠同事间的正向关系,以及与基于组织的自尊间的负向关系越弱。研究揭示了目睹同事帮助行为对于第三方帮助行为的双刃剑效应及其不同的影响路径,从而丰富了帮助行为的文献。As an important extra-role behavior in the workplace,helping behavior refers to the voluntarily act of caring for others and assisting them with work-related affairs.To date,most studies have focused on the antecedents of helping behavior or its impact on the providers and recipients of help.However,there is limited discussion on the effects of helping behavior on observers.Drawing on social comparison theory and the peer influence literature,this research contends that observed coworker helping behavior influences observers’cognitive and emotional reactions,and ultimately,their behaviors.On the one hand,observers may experience increased indebtedness and shame upon witnessing coworker helping behavior,which can enhance their own helping behavior.On the other hand,observers may experience reduced organization-based self-esteem and pride upon witnessing coworker helping behavior,thereby diminish their own helping behavior.We further investigate the moderating role of observers’initial helping behavior in the effects of observed coworker helping behavior.Hypotheses were tested using a multi-wave survey and three experiments with Eastern and Western samples.Study 1(an initial field survey),participants from a Chinese food supply company were invited to participate.Study 2(an experiment)manipulated observed coworker helping behavior and observers’helping behavior,measuring observers’subsequent feelings of indebtedness toward coworkers and organization-based self-esteem.Study 3(an experiment)manipulated feelings of indebtedness toward coworkers and organizationbased self-esteem,then assessed observers’emotions and helping behavior.Study 4(an experiment)manipulated observed coworker helping behavior and observers’helping behavior,then assessed the remaining variables of the model.The above studies supported our hypotheses.Results demonstrated that observed coworker helping behavior is positively related to observers’indebtedness toward coworkers and shame,which in turn,increases their helping behavior.At

关 键 词：帮助行为 同事 观察者 第三方视角 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学] C939[哲学宗教—心理学]