先圣·先师·虞宾:唐代诏敕文中的孔子形象  

From“Master of Literature”to“Guest of Participation”:The Transformation of Confucius'Image and the Construction of Orthodoxy in the Tang Dynasty

作　　者：吴凌杰 Wu Lingjie

机构地区：[1]中山大学历史学系,广州200235

出　　处：《国际儒学（中英文）》2024年第2期71-79,190,共10页International Studies on Confucianism

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“唐至北宋礼制与文学研究”(19CZW033)。

摘　　要：孔子的形象在唐王朝前后期有着较大的变化。在唐前期,孔子多以“先师文圣”的形象出现在各类诏敕中,皇帝亦通过崇奉孔子达到尊儒崇教、推行教化之目的,特别是玄宗册封孔子为文宣王,将其抬升到儒家至尊的地位,并在画像上为其披上了象征皇帝的衮冕之服,使得孔子成为儒家道统的象征,与老子并为三教教首之一。到了唐后期,孔子则多以“虞宾”的形象出现于各种诏敕中,这与动荡的时局密不可分,皇帝为了稳固人心、维护统治,不得不扩大优待的范围,于是具有崇高威望的孔子便进入了视野,褒奖孔子之后,将其与二王三恪并列,这不仅是对汉代将孔子视作“殷商之后”、列为二王三恪的承认,更是希冀借助圣人之后的名望,向天下表明正统所在,维护自身的统治。The image of Confucius changed considerably in the first and second half of the Tang Dynasty.In the pre-Tang Confucius more than the image of cultural saints appeared in all kinds of edicts,the emperor also through the worship of Confucius achieved respect for Confucianism,the implementation of the purpose of education,especially the Xuanzong canonized Confucius for the King of Wenxuan,will be upgraded to the status of Confucianism's supreme position,and in the portrait of the emperor's coronet for the symbol of the dress,making Confucius become a symbol of Confucianism,and Laozi and the head of the three teachings.To the late Tang Confucius is more to“Yu Bin”image appeared in a variety of edicts,which is inseparable from the turbulent situation,the emperor in order to stabilize people's hearts,maintain the rule,had to expand the scope of preferential treatment,so the high prestige of Confucius will enter the field of vision,after praising Confucius,will be listed alongside the two kings and three scruples,which not only is a review of the Han dynasty will be Confucius is not only the recognition of the Han Dynasty will be regarded as“after the Yin Shang”,listed as two kings and three scruples,but also hope to use the reputation of the saint after the world to show that the orthodoxy is,to maintain their own rule.

关 键 词：唐代宾礼 孔子形象 道统 虞宾 先圣 南郊 

分 类 号：I207.62[文学—中国文学] K242[历史地理—历史学]