鼻咽癌化疗耐药分子机制的研究进展  

Research progress in molecular mechanisms of drug resistance to chemotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

作　　者：张时全 陆颖[1] 杨慧[1] ZHANG Shiquan;LU Ying;YANG Hui(Department of Oncology,the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University,Guangxi Province,Liuzhou545005,China)

机构地区：[1]广西医科大学第四附属医院肿瘤科,广西柳州545005

出　　处：《中国当代医药》2024年第20期190-193,198,共5页China Modern Medicine

摘　　要：鼻咽癌是头颈部常见的恶性肿瘤,高发于东南亚国家及我国南方地区,其关键治疗是放射治疗辅以化学治疗。基于顺铂的诱导化疗已显示出无病生存获益,同步放化疗则可改善局部控制率。紫杉醇类和铂类等药物作为一线化疗药物广泛应用于鼻咽癌的治疗中,然而化疗耐药极大地影响鼻咽癌患者的预后。因此寻找能够克服肿瘤细胞对化疗药物的耐药性及相关药物敏感性的新标志物是药物基因组学和癌症研究的最重要目标之一。到目前为止鼻咽癌化疗耐药机制尚未完全阐明,因此弄清鼻咽癌化疗耐药机制具有十分重要的临床意义。本文从药物转运蛋白、细胞凋亡、自噬、DNA损伤修复、上皮-间质转化(EMT)、肿瘤干细胞特性、微RNA(miRNAs)等方面综述了鼻咽癌化疗耐药的分子机制,以期为逆转化疗耐药及相关肿瘤的生物治疗靶点的开发提供新的思路。Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a common malignant tumor of head and neck,which occurs frequently in Southeast Asian countries and southern region of China.The key treatment is radiotherapy supplemented by chemotherapy.Cisplatin based induction chemotherapy has shown disease-free survival benefits,while concurrent chemoradiotherapy improves local control rates.Paclitaxel and platinum drugs are widely used in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma as first-line chemotherapy drugs,but chemotherapy resistance greatly affects the prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients.Therefore,it is one of the most important goals of pharmacogenomics and cancer research to find new markers that can overcome the resistance of tumor cells to chemotherapy drugs and related drug sensitivity.So far,the mechanism of chemotherapy resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma has not been fully elucidated,so it is of great clinical significance to understand the mechanism of chemotherapy resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.In this paper,we reviewed the molecular mechanism of chemotherapy resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma from the aspects of drug transporters,apoptosis,autophagy,DNA damage repair,epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT),tumor stem cell characteristics,microRNA(miRNAs),etc.,in order to provide new ideas for the development of biological therapeutic targets for reversing chemotherapy resistance and related tumors.

关 键 词：鼻咽癌 化疗耐药性 耐药机制 逆转策略 

分 类 号：R739.6[医药卫生—肿瘤]