企业数字化对劳动力市场就业风险的影响  

The Impact of Digitalization on Employment Risk in the Labor Market

作　　者：张顺[1] 吕风光 ZHANG Shun;LYU Fengguang(School of Humanities and Social Science,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学人文社会科学学院,陕西西安710049

出　　处：《当代经济科学》2024年第4期14-26,共13页Modern Economic Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“新形势下我国面临的主要就业风险及多维治理研究”(21&ZD181)。

摘　　要：企业数字化是数字经济的微观形态,对劳动力市场将产生深刻影响。在劳动力价格不断上涨的背景下,探讨企业数字化如何影响就业风险具有重要意义。采用劳动力需求弹性衡量劳动力市场就业风险,基于2010—2020年中国A股上市企业数据考察企业数字化对就业风险的影响,发现企业数字化能够降低劳动力市场的就业风险,总体上具有积极的就业效应。从作用机制来看,企业数字化通过生产力机制与资源机制对劳动力市场就业风险产生影响,前者表现为替代效应与规模效应,后者表现为融资效应,其中替代效应深化就业风险,而规模效应与融资效应缓解就业风险。实证结果表明,生产力机制的规模效应与资源机制的融资效应占据主导地位,这两个效应均显著存在。在数字经济所催生的企业数字化过程中,借助数字化转型推动企业发展,进而改善经营状况,对化解劳动者就业风险,实现更加充分更高质量就业具有积极意义。Enterprise digitalization,a microform of the digital economy,significantly impacts the labor market.Enterprises must consider not only changes in labor demand due to digitalization but also the associated labor costs.As labor costs increase,enterprises often reduce labor demand,creating employment risks.However,the effect of enterprise digitalization on labor decisions and employment risks amidst rising labor costs has not been fully explored.Our theoretical framework posits that enterprise digitalization influences employment risks through two mechanisms and three effects:the substitution effect and scale effect of the productivity mechanism,and the financing effect of the resource mechanism.The substitution effect increases employment risks,while the scale and financing effects mitigate these risks.We begin by summarizing and expanding the lexicon of enterprise digitalization from prior studies,measuring enterprise digitalization using the word frequency method.Using labor demand elasticity as an entry point,we analyze Chinese A-share listed enterprises from 2010 to 2020 to examine the impact of enterprise digitalization on employment risk.Our findings indicate that enterprise digitalization reduces employment risk and has a net positive employment effect.These results remain robust through various tests,including the instrumental variable approach,alternative measurements of enterprise digitalization,and sub-sample regression.Furthermore,the empirical results of the mechanism test using the mediated moderation model show that the scale and financing effects are predominant and significantly impactful.We contribute to the literature in several ways.First,we explore how enterprise digitalization affects employment risks in the context of rising labor costs,focusing on the economic consequences of digitalization in the labor market.Second,unlike prior research that mainly addresses the digital economy and employment from a theoretical or macro-regional perspective,we emphasize empirical support and the crucial ro

关 键 词：企业数字化 就业风险 劳动力需求弹性 数字经济 新质生产力 稳就业政策 

分 类 号：F270.7[经济管理—企业管理] F249.2[经济管理—国民经济]