人类学关于“礼物”和“交换”的解读  

Reinterpreting"Gift"and"Exchange"from Anthropological Perspective

作　　者：威尔克 克里格特 马建福(编译)[3] 刘春燕(编译)[3] Richard R.Wilk;Lisa Cliggett;MA Jian-fu;LIU Chun-yan

机构地区：[1]美国印第安纳大学 [2]美国肯塔基大学 [3]北方民族大学,宁夏 银川 750021

出　　处：《青海民族研究》2024年第2期118-126,共9页Qinghai Journal of Ethnology

摘　　要：礼物赠送是一种窥视多重人性的行为,因为礼物可以同时被理解为理性交换、建立关系的方式以及道德观念和文化意义的表达。西方经济学家完全专注于货币交换研究,所以倾向于将礼物馈赠排除在人类文化的分析之外,只将礼物视为一种纯粹的经济现象而已。然而,在人类学的研究中,经济活动不仅仅是货币,还包括礼物赠送方式。特别是通过节日期间的礼物馈赠在消费社会中所扮演的角色,就能发现消费社会中赠礼仪式其实是经济上独立和成功的表现。礼物是友好来往的基础,能模糊彼此的界限。正因为经济学家忽略了这些重要部分,所以人类学家才更有必要对其加以研究。The act of gift giving can be understood as an act of seeing all aspects of human nature.It can be viewed as a way of rational exchange,establishing relationships,expressing moral concepts,and as a cultural phenomenon.The reason why gift-giving is viewed as an economic phenomenon from an anthropological perspective is that international economists tend to exclude gift-giving from their analysis and focus entirely on the study of currency exchange.In the view of anthropologists,economic activities are not merely about currency;they also encompass gift-giving methods.By focusing on the role of gift-giving during festivals in the consumer society,it becomes evident that gift-giving rituals are economically independent and successful expressions in the consumer society.The gift is the foundation of our interactions,serving to blur boundaries through the act of giving.It is precise because economists have overlooked these important aspects,which anthropologists must study in greater depth.

关 键 词：礼物 交换 互惠 人类学解读 

分 类 号：C95[社会学—民族学]