蛋白质翻译后修饰与神经退行性疾病  

Post-translational modification and neurodegenerative diseases

作　　者：刘帆 曾雨冰[1,2] 王怡 何学佳 裴培 张霆[1] 王珊[1] LIU Fan;ZENG Yubing;WANG Yi;HE Xuejia;PEI Pei;ZHANG Ting;WANG Shan(Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics,Capital Institute of Pediatrics,Beijing 100020,China;Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100730,China;Peking University Health Science Center,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]首都儿科研究所,儿童发育营养组学北京市重点实验室,北京100020 [2]北京协和医学院研究生院,北京100730 [3]北京大学医学部,北京100191

出　　处：《生命的化学》2024年第6期998-1006,共9页Chemistry of Life

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(82071690);首都儿科研究所所级基金项目(CXYJ-2-21-09)。

摘　　要：神经退行性疾病是严重影响中枢神经系统的一类复杂、难治性疾病,其特征是中枢神经系统不同区域神经元功能或者结构的进行性丧失。由于神经受损后难以再生、恢复,目前尚无治疗神经退行性疾病的有效策略。神经退行性疾病患者逐渐增多,给社会带来巨大经济负担,找到神经退行性疾病的治疗新靶点、改善预后具有重要意义。蛋白质翻译后修饰可以调节各种细胞过程,包括蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用、酶的活性和基因表达。神经退行性疾病的发生和进展与异常的蛋白质翻译后修饰有关。许多翻译后修饰,如乙酰化、磷酸化和乳酸化修饰等,被证实参与神经退行性疾病造成的脑认知损伤。本文综述了蛋白质翻译后修饰在神经退行性疾病中的重要作用,同时总结了几种蛋白质翻译后修饰在神经退行性疾病发生、发展中的作用,以期为研究神经退行性疾病的分子生物学机制提供新思路。Neurodegenerative diseases are a class of complex and difficult-to-treat disorders that severely affect the central nervous system. Their hallmark is the progressive loss of neuronal function or structure in various regions of the central nervous system. Due to the challenges in regenerating and restoring damaged neurons, effective treatment strategies for neurodegenerative diseases are currently lacking. The increasing number of neurodegenerative disease patients has imposed significant economic burdens on society, so finding new therapeutic targets and improving prognosis for neurodegenerative diseases are crucial. Protein posttranslational modifications can regulate various cellular processes, including protein-protein interactions,enzyme activity, and gene expression. The occurrence and progression of neurodegenerative diseases are associated with abnormal protein post-translational modifications. Many post-translational modifications, such as acetylation, phosphorylation, and lactylation modifications, have been shown to contribute to the cognitive impairments caused by neurodegenerative diseases. In this work, we elucidate the significant role of protein post-translational modifications in neurodegenerative diseases and summarize the roles of several protein posttranslational modifications in the occurrence and development of neurodegenerative diseases, aiming to provide new insights into the molecular biology mechanisms underlying future research on neurodegenerative diseases.

关 键 词：神经退行性疾病 蛋白质翻译后修饰 磷酸化 乙酰化 乳酸化 

分 类 号：R741[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]