tsRNA及其在胃癌发病机制与诊断中的研究进展  

Research progress of tsRNA and its role in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of gastric cancer

作　　者：刘新萍 赵健志 曹利 陈昌国 LIU Xinping;HAO Jianzhi;CAO Li;CHEN Changguo(Department of Clinical Laboratory,the Six Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital,Beijing 100048,China;Department of Laboratory Medicine,Nanfang Hospital,Southern Medical University,Guangzhou 510515,China;Clinical Laboratory of Handan Central Hospital,Handan 056001,China)

机构地区：[1]解放军总医院第六医学中心检验科,北京100048 [2]南方医科大学南方医院检验医学科,广州510515 [3]邯郸市中心医院临检科,邯郸056001

出　　处：《生命的化学》2024年第6期1082-1089,共8页Chemistry of Life

摘　　要：胃癌是一种极其常见的消化道肿瘤,具有早期诊断困难、预后差等特点,探索胃癌的发生发展机制及找到相关治疗靶点对胃癌诊断和治疗十分重要。tRNA衍生小RNA(tRNA-derived small RNA,tsRNA)是一类由转运RNA(transfer RNA,tRNA)或前体tRNA经核酸酶剪切而成的非编码RNA分子,具有广泛表达、组织特异性等特征及较高比例的修饰碱基。越来越多的研究证实,tsRNA在胃癌的发生发展过程中扮演着重要角色。本文概述了tsRNA的生物发生、分类和调控方式,列出了9个在胃癌中表达上调和5个表达下调的tsRNA在胃癌诊断中的敏感性和特异性,并对tsRNA在胃癌发病过程中的调控方式及参与的信号通路进行归纳,以期为胃癌的临床诊断和靶向治疗提供新思路。Gastric cancer is one of the most common digestive tract tumors,which has the characteristics of difficult early diagnosis and poor prognosis.Therefore,exploring the development mechanism of gastric cancer and finding related therapeutic targets are the key to clinical treatment.tRNA-derived small RNA(tsRNA)is a type of non-coding tRNA undergoing cleavage by specific nucleases from transfer RNA or precursor tRNA.tsRNA has the characteristics of extensive expression,organizational specificity,and modification.Since the first discovery of the role of tsRNA,more and more studies have confirmed that tsRNA plays an important role in the development of gastric cancer.In this review,we focus on the research progress in the biogenesis and classification of tsRNAs,their biological functions and roles in gastric cancer.The sensitivity,specificity and clinicopathological characteristics of 9 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated tsRNAs in the diagnosis of gastric cancer were listed,the mechanism and signaling pathways involved were summarized,to provide new ideas for the clinical diagnosis and targeted therapy of gastric cancer.

关 键 词：胃癌 tRNA衍生小RNA 靶基因 生物标志物 靶向治疗 

分 类 号：R735.2[医药卫生—肿瘤]