论我国刑法中的背信犯罪  

On the Crime of Breach of Trust in China's Criminal Law

作　　者：黎宏[1] Li Hong

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院

出　　处：《东方法学》2024年第4期162-178,共17页Oriental Law

基　　金：清华大学文科自主科研项目“中国特色刑法教义学话语体系建构研究”(项目批准号:2023THZWJC22)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：《刑法修正案(十二)》的重点之一,就是扩大背信犯罪的适用范围,将其扩展到包括民营企业在内的负有管理职责的人员,实现了在背信犯罪的适用上民营企业家们呼吁已久的公私平等保护的宗旨。我国刑法中并没有像国外刑法一样规定普通背信罪。背信犯罪就是受托人违背信任,给委托人造成财产损害的行为。从背信犯罪的内部结构来看,其既不同于敲诈勒索罪和诈骗罪,也不同于侵占罪,其兼具侵占罪与毁坏财物罪的共同特征。我国刑法中的背信犯罪集中在破坏公司管理秩序罪和破坏金融秩序罪之中,具有国外刑法中特殊背信罪的特征。主体是身份犯即基于法律规定或者合同约定而代为他人(包括自然人和单位)处理财产事务的人。行为是实施了违背职责(任务)的行为,造成本人即委托人的财产损害。主观上只要有故意即可,但应当考虑行为人有无为委托人图利、加害的目的。One of the key points of the Twelfth Amendment to China's Criminal Law is the expansion of the application scope of breach of trust crimes,extending it to include individuals with managerial responsibilities in private enterprises.This expansion achieves the goal of equal protection of both public and private interests in the application of the offence of breach of trust crimes,which private entrepreneurs have been calling for a long time.Unlike foreign criminal laws,Chinese criminal law does not stipulate a general breach of trust crime.The crime of breach of trust is the act of a trustee violating trust and causing property damage to the principal.From the internal structure of the crime of breach of trust,it is not only different from the crimes of extortion and fraud,but also different from the crimes of embezzlement.It combines the common characteristics of the crimes of embezzlement and destruction of property.In China's criminal law,breach of trust crimes are primarily found within crimes disrupting corporate management order and financial order,reflecting the characteristics of special breach of trust crimes found in foreign criminal laws.The subject of these crimes is a status offender,an individual who,based on legal provisions or contractual agreements,handles property affairs on behalf of others(both individuals and entities).The act involves performing actions that violate their duties,resulting in property damage to the principal.Subjectively,only intent is required,but consideration should be given to whether the perpetrator had the purpose of profiting or harming the principal.

关 键 词：背信犯罪 背信说 滥用职权说 身份犯 背信行为 财产损失 

分 类 号：DF61[政治法律—刑法学]