学校管理教育措施的法律属性与适用辨析  

An Analysis of the Legal Attributes and Application of School Management and Education Measures

作　　者：姚建龙 Yao Jianlong

机构地区：[1]上海社会科学院法学研究所

出　　处：《东方法学》2024年第4期225-237,共13页Oriental Law

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“未成年人司法先议权研究”(项目批准号:20BFX099)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：修订后的预防未成年人犯罪法第31条增设的学校对有不良行为的未成年学生的管理教育措施,完善了罪错未成年人分级干预机制。对于管理教育措施与教育惩戒的关系,立法机关在立法过程中并未予以考虑。管理教育措施具有“以教代罚”的保护处分属性,而教育惩戒则具有在教育权力与职责边界内体现“以罚为教”的教育属性。对于有不良行为的未成年人,预防未成年人犯罪法规定学校可以“选择适用”教育惩戒或者管理教育措施,这一规定应当优先于教育部关于“应当适用”教育惩戒的规定。如果学校选择适用管理教育措施,则不应因同一行为再适用教育惩戒。管理教育措施具有协商性模式而非强制性模式的特点,这是管理教育措施适用所应把握的要义。Article 31 of the revised Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency introduces management and education measures for schools to address minor students' misbehavior,improving the graded intervention mechanism for delinquent juveniles.The relationship between the management and education measures and educational discipline was not considered by legislature during the legislation.While managerial education measures have the protective disciplinary attribute of "teaching instead of punishing",while educational discipline measures reflects an educational attribute that uses punishment as a means of instruction within the boundaries of educational authority and responsibility.For juveniles exhibiting problematic behavior,the law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency allows schools to "selectively apply" either educational discipline or management and education measures,which should take precedence over the Ministry of Education's guideline that mandates the application of educational discipline measures.If a school opts for management and education measures,it should not subsequently apply educational discipline for the same behavior.The collaborative rather than coercive nature of management and education measures is essential for their proper application.

关 键 词：未成年人 管理教育措施 教育惩戒 分级干预 保护处分 不良行为 

分 类 号：DF393[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]