“原庙”考  

Textual Research on“Yuan(原)Temple”

作　　者：陈菡[1] Chen Han

机构地区：[1]武汉大学文学院

出　　处：《国学学刊》2024年第2期120-134,142,共16页Research in the Traditions of Chinese Culture

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究西部和边疆地区青年基金项目“汉代礼乐文献辑校与研究”(项目编号:23XJCZH002)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：辞书典籍通常将“原庙”释为正庙以外的别立之庙,此说源于汉唐古注训“原”为再、重义;事实上,古注中“原”还有训作“本也”解。本文从“原庙”之建的政治意味切入,考辨“原庙”之“原”的训话词义当释为“本也”,立足史书所载,文章指出“原庙”的内涵经历了一个历史变化:“原庙起以复道故”,是“原庙”起于渭北,本是文饰汉惠帝“复道”过举的偶发行为,而后进一步被统治者用来标榜孝行、彰显孝心——“益广多宗庙,大孝之本也”,于是在“令郡国诸侯各立高祖庙”的既定背景下,又有了“以沛宫为高祖原庙”。浑言之,“原庙”是为始祖(即汉高祖刘邦)所立之庙的尊称;析言之,渭北原庙是相对于长安城内的高祖庙而言,沛宫原庙是相对于各郡国诸侯所立高祖庙而言,各有建庙缘由。由文颖注以至裴驷集解、颜师古注,“再也、重也”说流传既久且广,晋灼“本也”说遂致潼没;“原庙”之后,西汉陵旁立庙成为传统,宗庙礼祀制度亦由严而衰,是以古注流传与史实变迁的合力推动,最终导致了“原庙”泛指化的误解,影响至今。Dictionary books usually interpret the“Yuan(原)Temple”as a separate temple outside the main temple,which is derived from the Han and Tang annotation of the“Yuan原”is understood as“the re-”.In fact,in the ancient annotations,“Yuan原”is also interpreted as“the original”.Starting from the.political meaning of the construction of“Yuan Temple”,this paper examines the exegetical meaning of“Yuan原”in“Yuan Temple”as the original.Based on the historical records,this paper points out that the connotation of“Yuan Temple”has undergone a historical change:the“Yuan Temple”starts with Fu dao,an accidental behavior in Weibei,which is decorated with the Emperor Hui of the Han Dynasty,and then further used by the rulers to advertise and highlight filial piety.Therefore,under the established background of making each vassal state set up the temple of Gaozu,there was also taking Pei Palace as another“Yuan Temple”.Generally speaking,the“Yuan Temple”is the honorific title of the temple erected for Liu Bang,the first Han emperor;specifically speaking,the.Weibei Yuan Temple is relative to the Gaozu Temple in Chang'an City,and the Peigong Yuan Temple is relative to the Gaozu Temple established by each vassal state.From Wen Ying to Pei Yin and Yan Shigu,the annotation of“the re-”has been circulated for a long time and widely,and Jin Zhuo's annotation of“the original”has been annihilated.And after the“Yuan Temple”,the establishment of the temple beside the tomb of the Western Han Dynasty became a tradition,and the temple worship system also changed from solemn to simple.It was driven by the joint force of the spread of ancient annotations and the changes of historical facts,which eventually led to the misunderstanding of the“Yuan Temple”.

关 键 词：原庙 原 渭北原庙 沛宫原庙 

分 类 号：H131[语言文字—汉语]