有机磷对禾谷镰刀菌生长及致病力的影响  

Effects of Organic Phosphorus on Growth and Pathogenicity of Fusarium graminearum

作　　者：于海阔 张伟 王丽 李孝军 崔俊涛[1] YU Haikuo;ZHANG Wei;WANG Li;LI Xiaojun;CUI Juntao(College of Resources and Environment,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China;Changchun Polytechnic,Changchun 130033,China;Changchun Chaoyang District Agricul-tural Technology Extension General Station,Changchun 130012,China;Changchun Soil and Fertilizer Workstation,Changchun 130033,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学资源与环境学院,长春130118 [2]长春职业技术学院,长春130033 [3]长春市朝阳区农业技术推广总站,长春130012 [4]长春市土壤肥料工作站,长春130033

出　　处：《吉林农业大学学报》2024年第3期391-398,共8页Journal of Jilin Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0200600)。

摘　　要：以东北玉米主产区玉米茎腐病的主要病原菌禾谷镰刀菌(Fusarium graminearum)为研究对象,采用十字交叉法、干重法、生物学检测法以及荧光免疫定量分析等研究方法,研究不同稳定性有机磷源卵磷脂和植酸对禾谷镰刀菌菌丝生长和致病力的影响。结果表明:卵磷脂能显著促进禾谷镰刀菌生长,平板培养试验中,磷浓度为4.38 mmol/L时,卵磷脂组在生长第6天菌落直径可达8.5 cm,而植酸组与K_(2)HPO_(4)组在培养第7天菌落直径还未达到7 cm,生物量测定结果与之相符;不同有机磷不仅影响禾谷镰刀菌的生长,还影响其代谢,磷浓度为43.8 mmol/L时,卵磷脂、植酸发酵培养液对玉米种子的萌发抑制率分别为56.7%和43.3%,分别为K_(2)HPO_(4)的3.4倍和2.6倍,发酵培养液中抑制玉米种子生长的物质是脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON),其中卵磷脂组DON质量浓度最高,为978.55μg/L,植酸次之,为580.79μg/L,二者显著高于K_(2)HPO_(4)(104.51μg/L),且DON质量浓度随着磷浓度的增加而升高;利用有机磷产生DON毒素是禾谷镰刀菌侵染玉米导致玉米茎腐病发生的主要致病机制,根据DON测定结果设置致病力试验,结果表明,以卵磷脂、植酸为磷源时,玉米苗期的发病率分别为98.33%和90.00%,病情指数分别为94和89,与K_(2)HPO_(4)(发病率76.66%,病情指数72)相比禾谷镰刀菌致病力显著提升。此外,还讨论了土壤有机磷生物有效性及其影响因素对玉米茎腐病发生的影响。Fusarium graminearum,the main pathogen of maize stalk rot in the northeast of China,was used as the research object in this study.The effects of lecithin and phytic acid from different stable organic phosphorus sources on the mycelial growth and pathogenicity of Fusarium graminearum were studied by cross method,dry weight method,biological detection method and fluorescence immunoquantitative analysis.The results showed that:lecithin can significantly promote the Journal of Jilin Agricultural University 2024,June growth of Fusarium graminearum.In the plate culture experiment,when the phosphorus concentration was 4.38 mmol/L,the colony diameter of lecithin group on the sixth day of growth has reached 8.5 cm,while that of phytic acid group and K_(2)HPO_(4) group on the seventh day of culture did not reach 7 cm.The result of biomass measurement was consistent with it.Different organic phosphorus not only affects the growth of Fusarium graminearum,but also affects its metabolism.When the phosphorus concentration was 43.8 mmol/L,the inhibition rate of lecithin and phytic acid fermentation medium on maize seed germination was 56.7%and 43.3%,which were 3.4 and 2.6 times that of K_(2)HPO_(4),respectively.The inhibition substance of maize seed growth in fermentation medium was deoxynivalenol(DON).The highest concentration of DON in lecithin group was 978.55μg/L,followed by phytic acid group(580.79μg/L),which was significantly higher than K_(2)HPO_(4)(104.51μg/L),and the DON concentration increased with the increase of phosphorus concentration.The production of DON toxin from organic phosphorus was the main pathogenic mechanism of maize stalk rot caused by Fusarium graminearum infection.The pathogenicity test was set up according to the DON measurement results.The results showed that the incidence rate of maize seedlings reached 98.33%and 90%,respectively,with lecithin and phytic acid as phosphorus sources,and the disease index was 94 and 89,respectively,compared with K_(2)HPO_(4)(incidence rate 76.66%,disease index 72).

关 键 词：禾谷镰刀菌 有机磷 植酸 卵磷脂 致病力 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]