香菇种质评价及自交菌株菌丝遗传特性研究  

Germplasm Evaluation of Lentinus edodes and Genetic Characteristics of Mycelia of Self-breeding Strains

作　　者：宋艺添 姚方杰[1,2] 鲁丽鑫 鲍大鹏[3] 石晨阳[1] 崔婉华 张梦瑶 SONG Yitian;YAO Fangjie;LU Lixin;BAO Dapeng;SHI Chenyang;CUI Wanhua;ZHANG Mengyao(College of Horticulture,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China;National Center for International Cooperation and Research on New Germplasm Breeding of Edible Mushroom,Changchun 130118,China;Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shanghai 201403,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学园艺学院,长春130118 [2]国家食用菌新种质育种国际合作研究中心,长春130118 [3]上海市农业科学院,上海201403

出　　处：《吉林农业大学学报》2024年第3期415-424,共10页Journal of Jilin Agricultural University

基　　金：上海市农委科技兴农重点攻关基础项目[沪农科攻字(2016)第6-3-1号]。

摘　　要：对12个香菇供试菌株进行生理(细胞不亲和)、生化(酯酶同工酶)、表型(农艺性状)评价,筛选出遗传距离较远且优势互补的2个菌株XG4619和XT08作为亲本。采用原生质体单核化制备两亲本的单核菌株,获得菌株XG4619单核体3个(b19,b20和b28),XT08单核体5个(T21,T24,T28,T29和T30)。将XG4619和XT08的单核进行单单杂交获得杂交菌株4株:b19×T21,b19×T24,b20×T30,b28×T30,通过出菇试验选择1株性状优良的杂交菌株b19×T21收孢子进行单孢子分离,获得减数分裂产物(单孢子)195个,在所获单核中选取2个交配型为A_(1)B_(1)的单孢萌发的单核菌株与50个交配型A2B2为单核菌株进行两两自交,获得自交菌株100株,对自交菌株菌丝遗传特性进行研究。结果表明:12个香菇菌株在体细胞不亲和性、酯酶同工酶、农艺性状方面具有丰富的遗传多样性。F2代自交菌株在菌丝生长速度、菌丝浓密度、菌落边缘形态等方面存在显著的遗传多样性,说明减数分裂产物(孢子)发生了重组,因此自交菌株也具有丰富的遗传多样性,可以通过自交进行种质创新。The physiological(cell incompatibility),biochemical(esterase isozyme)and phenotypic(agronomic traits)characteristics of 12 strains of Lentinus edodes were evaluated.Two strains XG4619 and XT08 with far genetic distance and complementary advantages were screened as parents.Protoplast mononucleation was used to prepare mononuclear strains of the two parents,and three mononucleotides of strain XG4619(b19,b20 and b28)and five mononucleotides of strain XT08(T21,T24,T28,T29 and T30)were obtained.Hybridization was performed using mononuclear strains of XG4619 and XT08,and four hybrid strains(b19×T21,b19×T24,b20×T30 and b28×T30)were obtained.The spores were collected using b19 xT21 hybrid strain,and a total of 195 mononuclear strains were harvested.Two mononuclear strains with mating type A,B,were used to selfbreed with 50 mononuclear strains with mating type A,B,and one hundred self-breeding strains were obtained.Genetic characteristics of mycelia of self-breeding strains were analyzed.It was found that 12 Lentinus edodes strains showed rich genetic diversity in somatic cell incompatibility,esterase isoenzyme and agronomic traits.The self-breeding strains showed significant genetic diversity in mycelial growth rate,mycelial density and colony edge morphology.The F,generation self-breeding strains exhibit significant genetic diversity in terms of mycelial growth rate,mycelial density,and colony edge morphology,indicating that the meiotic spores have undergone recombination.Therefore,self-breeding strains also have rich genetic diversity and can be used for germplasm innovation through self-breeding.

关 键 词：香菇 资源评价 单核化 自交 菌丝 遗传特性 

分 类 号：S646.12[农业科学—蔬菜学]