社会动员及文化建设中文艺和学术的整合——1949—1966年民间文学的建设与重构  

Integration of Literature and Academia through Social Mobilization and Cultural Construction:The Construction and Reconstruction of Folk Literature from 1949 to 1966

作　　者：毛巧晖[1,2] MAO Qiaohui

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院民族文学研究所 [2]中国社会科学院大学,北京100732

出　　处：《民俗研究》2024年第4期91-104,159,共15页Folklore Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“新中国70年少数民族民间文学学术史研究”(项目编号:20BZW190);中国社会科学院重大创新项目“中华民族文学与铸牢中华民族共同体意识研究”的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：新中国成立初期,文学、民俗学、人类学等不同学术取向的民间文艺观逐步整合到以解放区文艺思想为主导的人民文艺实践;同时,民间文学在社会动员及社会主义新文化建设中呈现出新样态及学术新趋向。在社会主义革命和社会主义建设的新形势、新局面中,民间文学不仅逐步融入革命通俗文艺,成为群众文艺创作的重要形式,民间文艺实践逐步从“民族的诗”转向“人民文艺”,而且民间文学也在新中国学术重构中改变了其研究范畴及学术轨辙。就学术研究而言,民间文学话语经历了从“人民口头创作”回归民间文学的历程,在这一过程中,民间文学的基本特征渐趋集中于“口头性”,术语转换引发的民间文学范围、界限问题的讨论,对当下民间文学学科建设有一定借鉴意义。只有将文艺与学术视为一体,才能更好理解1949—1966年民间文学对当下民间文学学科史、思想史的影响,也才能在新的民间文学学科建设契机中处理好其与民俗学的关系,推动民间文学本体研究和应用研究的深化。In the early years of New China,diverse scholarly perspectives on folk literature,including literature,folklore,and anthropology,gradually integrated into the people's literary practice dominated by the ideology of liberated areas.Simultaneously,folk literature manifested new forms and academic trends in social mobilization and socialist new cultural construction.Amidst the new situation and context of socialist revolution and construction,folk literature progressively merged into revolutionary popular literature,becoming a significant form of mass literary creation,and the practice of folk literature gradually shifted from “national poetry” to “people's literature”.Furthermore,folk literature underwent a transformation in the academic reconstruction of New China,altering its research scope and its academic trajectory.From an academic research perspective,the discourse on folk literature experienced a transition from “people's oral literary writing” back to folk literature.In this process,the fundamental characteristics of folk literature increasingly focused on orality,triggering discussions on the scope and boundaries of folk literature due to terminology shifts,which hold certain reference value for the current construction of the discipline of folk literature.Only by regarding literature and academia as a whole can we better understand the influence of folk literature from 1949 to 1966 on the disciplinary and intellectual history of contemporary folk literature and effectively manage the relationship with folklore studies in the new opportunities for the construction of the discipline of folk literature,thereby promoting the deepening of research on the essence and applied aspects of folk literature.

关 键 词：民间文学 学科建设 社会动员 文化建设 人民口头创作 

分 类 号：I207.7[文学—中国文学] K27[历史地理—历史学]