高温胁迫对马铃薯叶片生理特性及产量影响研究  

Effects of High Temperature Stress on Physiological Characteristics and Yield of Potato Leaves

作　　者：赵媛媛 刘萍涛 康建宏[1] ZHAO Yuanyuan;LIU Pingtao;KANG Jianhong(College of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750000;Agricultural Technology Station of Hongguozi Town,Pingluo,Ningxia 753400)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,银川750000 [2]平罗县红果子镇农技站,宁夏平罗753400

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第21期35-44,共10页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：宁夏农业高质量发展和生态保护科技创新项目“旱区马铃薯块茎淀粉形成对高温胁迫的响应机制研究”(NGSB-2021-3)。

摘　　要：马铃薯是重要的粮食作物,对高温十分敏感。本研究旨在探讨高温胁迫对马铃薯叶片生理特性及产量的影响。以‘青薯9号’为试验材料,采用随机区组试验设计,对马铃薯叶面积、叶绿素含量、光合荧光特性及产量进行了系统研究。结果表明,高温胁迫使叶面积指数和叶片SPAD值明显下降,T_(1)处理较T_(2)处理叶面积指数下降11%~34%,相对T_(3)处理下降34%~68%,T_(2)较T_(3)处理的SPAD值降低了2.43%。其次,光合荧光及产量也下降,回升相对缓慢,抑制了Pn产生和对光能的吸收与转化,并使得活性氧增加,叶片失水萎蔫造成死亡,从而会影响马铃薯的整个生育进程,造成最终减产。因此,高温下会引发功能叶片多变,使马铃薯光合性能降低,活跃期逐渐缩短,生理代谢活动紊乱,产量也明显降低。Potato is an important food crop and is very sensitive to high temperature.In order to study the effects of high temperature stress on the physiological characteristics and yield of potato leaves,‘Qingshu 9’was used as the experimental material,and the leaf area,chlorophyll content,photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics and yield of potato were systematically studied using randomized block design.The results showed that the leaf area index and leaf SPAD value decreased significantly under high temperature stress.The leaf area indexes of T_(1) treatment were decreased by 11%-34% compared with T_(2) treatment,and they were decreased by 34%-68% compared with T_(3) treatment.The SPAD value of T_(2) treatment was decreased by 2.43% compared with T_(3) treatment.Secondly,the photosynthetic fluorescence and yield also decreased,and the recovery was relatively slow,which inhibited the production of Pn and the absorption and transformation of light energy.The reactive oxygen species increased,and the leaves were dehydrated and wilted to cause death,which would affect the whole growth process of potato,resulting in the final reduction of yield.Therefore,high temperature will lead to the change of functional leaves,which will reduce the photosynthetic performance of potato,gradually shorten the active period,disorder the physiological metabolic activity,and significantly reduce the yield.

关 键 词：马铃薯 高温胁迫 光合特性 荧光特性 产量 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]