基于节段模型测力方法的塔式起重机风荷载特性研究  

Wind loads for tower crane based on section model tests by force balance method

作　　者：李寿科[1] 雷佳妍 杨易归 林斌 郭凡 彭雄 孙洪鑫[1] LI Shouke;LEI Jiayan;YANG Yigui;LIN Bin;GUO Fan;PENG Xiong;SUN Hongxin(School of Civil Engineering,Hunan University of Science and Technology,Xiangtan 411201,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南科技大学土木工程学院,湖南湘潭411201

出　　处：《铁道科学与工程学报》2024年第7期2884-2896,共13页Journal of Railway Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52378510,52308501);湖南省重点研发计划(2021GK2005);湖南省自然科学基金企业联合基金资助项目(2024JJ9070)。

摘　　要：塔式起重机被广泛应用于铁道工程和土木工程施工过程,属于高耸结构体系,风荷载是塔式起重机结构设计的控制性荷载。为完善《塔式起重机设计规范》(GB/T 13752—2017)和《建筑结构荷载规范》(GB 50009—2012)中的塔式起重机斜风向设计风荷载计算方法,解决风向、吊臂、平衡臂位置等因素对塔式起重机遮挡和干扰引起的设计风荷载计算问题。选取平头塔式起重机为研究对象,对塔身、吊臂、平衡臂进行多工况的节段模型测力风洞试验,研究湍流强度、节段干扰和遮挡等因素对塔式起重机节段风荷载特性的影响规律,研究不同风向下节段阻力系数分布规律,对比标准化阻力系数与当前主要规范的异同,进而探讨节段斜风向标准化阻力系数计算方法。研究结果表明湍流强度对节段阻力系数影响较小,可忽略,而平衡臂和吊臂相邻节段的干扰会减小测试节段的阻力系数;在斜风向下,由于吊臂和平衡臂之间存在相邻节段干扰,国内外规范方法的计算值均会大于干扰工况的节段风洞试验值;当前主要国家规范规定的垂直风向塔身、吊臂、平衡臂阻力系数与风洞试验测得的阻力系数值较为接近,基于风洞试验结果给出典型风向的塔式起重机各节段的风荷载系数取值可用于结构设计;基于风洞试验测试结果推导的塔式起重机斜风向风荷载计算方法具有较好的拟合效果。研究成果可推荐相关工程应用,可为相关规范的修改或补充提供参考。Tower crane is widely used in railway engineering and civil engineering.It is one kind of towering structure systems.Wind load is one of the control loads for tower crane structure design.According to the Design codes for Tower Cranes(GB/T 13752—2017)and Load for the design of Building Structures(GB 50009—2012),drag coefficients of typical wind direction are given for wind resistance design of structures,but estimation methods of wind load on oblique wind direction are lacking.Due to the influence of wind direction and the position of boom and balance arm,there are some obvious wind direction effects and the interference and shielding effects of each part itself on the wind load of tower crane.The wind load estimation for structural design needs to combine the wind load coefficient of each section according to the different position of tower,boom and balance arm.This paper carried out wind tunnel tests for head of the tower crane jib,working arm and balance arm with section model tests with force balance appliance.The effects of turbulence intensity and Reynolds number on the wind loads characteristics of tower crane are studied.Conclusions are drawn as follows.The Reynolds number and turbulent intensity has little effect on the drag coefficients.But the interference between the adjacent segments of the balance arm and the boom will reduce the drag coefficient of the test segment.Under oblique wind conditions,due to adjacent segment interference between the lifting arm and the balancing arm,the calculated values of domestic and foreign standard will be greater than the segment wind tunnel test values under interference conditions.The measured drag coefficients or standardization drag coefficients of the balance arm,crane boom and tower from current wind tunnel tests are close to the values from national standard for normal wind direction.The drag coefficients for each section of tower crane on typical wind direction are given out for design.Based on the wind tunnel test results,the calculation formula of obli

关 键 词：塔式起重机 风洞试验 节段模型 阻力系数 有效投影面积 角度风荷载 

分 类 号：TU318[建筑科学—结构工程]