基于生态位理论大型建筑企业走出去战略选择  

Strategic choice of large construction enterprises going global based on niche theory

作　　者：张文锦 张飞涟[1] ZHANG Wenjin;ZHANG Feiian(School of Civil Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学土木工程学院,湖南长沙410075

出　　处：《铁道科学与工程学报》2024年第7期2907-2916,共10页Journal of Railway Science and Engineering

基　　金：国铁集团科技研究开发计划课题(N2021Z007)。

摘　　要：随着国家政策推动以及建筑行业积极实践,大型建筑企业走出去战略取得了丰硕成果。但近年来世界经济增速下降,中国对外承包工程主要市场区域经济低迷,中国国际工程企业面临多方竞争,当地政府开始注重区域和系统性的整体开发等,在新国际背景下,研究我国大型建筑企业走出去战略方案选择,对我国大型建筑企业走出去发展以及国际竞争力提升具有重大意义。基于生态位理论构建包含生态位宽度、重叠度、强度3个维度11个指标的企业生态位指标体系,筛选美国《工程新闻纪录(ENR)》发布的“全球最大250家国际承包商”榜单企业作为样本企业计算其企业生态位,并运用K-means方法进行企业生态位聚类,建立企业生态位与走出去战略类型对应关系,研究结果显示在生态位宽度(x):0.3~0.6、生态位重叠度(y):0.6~1.0、生态位强度(z):0.4~0.7范围内的企业应选择横向多元化战略;在生态位宽度(x):0.2~0.6、生态位重叠度(y):0.7~1.0、生态位强度(z):0~0.4范围内的企业应选择纵向一体化战略;在生态位宽度(x):0.6~1.0、生态位重叠度(y):0.6~0.8、生态位强度(z):0~0.5范围内的企业应选择商业生态系统战略。研究成果揭示了企业生态位与走出去战略类型对应关系,为我国建筑企业走出去战略选择提供理论参考,有助于推动我国建筑企业走出去高质量发展。With the promotion of national policies and the active practice of the construction industry,the overseas development strategy of large construction enterprises has achieved fruitful results.However,in recent years,with the decline of the world economy and the downturn of the main overseas markets for Chinese international engineering contractors,Chinese enterprises are facing competition from multiple parties.Local governments are beginning to prioritize regional and systematic development.Therefore,studying the strategic options for Chinese large construction enterprises to go global is of great significance for their overseas development and improvement of their international competitiveness.Based on niche theory,this study constructed an enterprise niche index system containing three dimensions and eleven indicators,including niche width,overlap,and strength.The article selected companies listed in the“Top 250 International Contractors”rankings published by Engineering News Record(ENR)in the US as sample enterprises to calculate their enterprise niche,and useed K-means clustering to classify their enterprise niche types.A corresponding relationship between enterprise niche types and overseas development strategies was established.The results show that enterprises with niche widths(x)between 0.3 and 0.6,niche overlap degrees(y)between 0.6 and 1.0,and niche strengths(z)between 0.4 and 0.7 should adopt horizontal diversification strategies;enterprises with niche widths(x)between 0.2 and 0.6,niche overlap degrees(y)between 0.7 and 1.0,and niche strengths(z)between 0 and 0.4 should adopt vertical integration strategies;enterprises with niche widths(x)between 0.6 and 1.0,niche overlap degrees(y)between 0.6 and 0.8,and niche strengths(z)between 0 and 0.5 should adopt business ecosystem strategies.The research results reveal the corresponding relationship between enterprise niche types and overseas development strategies,providing theoretical references for Chinese construction enterprises to select their oversea

关 键 词：K-MEANS 生态位理论 国际工程承包商 战略选择 竞争力 

分 类 号：F294[经济管理—国民经济] TU723[建筑科学—建筑技术科学]