轮轨作用力与垂向载荷位置的轨旁识别法研究  

Wayside identification method for railway wheel rail force and vertical load position

作　　者：王祉歆 周伟[1,2,3,4] 王雅昭 孙博 闫宏凯 方聪聪 WANG Zhixin;ZHOU Wei;WANG Yazhao;SUN Bo;YAN Hongkai;FANG Congcong(School of Traffic&Transportation Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track,Ministry of Education,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;Joint International Research Laboratory of Key Technology for Rail Traffic Safety,Changsha 410075,China;National&Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Safety Technology for Rail Vehicle,Changsha 410075,China;China Railway Urumqi Bureau Group Co.,Ltd.,Urumqi 830011,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学交通运输工程学院,湖南长沙410075 [2]中南大学轨道交通安全教育部重点实验室,湖南长沙410075 [3]轨道交通安全关键技术国际合作联合实验室,湖南长沙410075 [4]轨道交通列车安全保障技术国家地方联合工程研究中心,湖南长沙410075 [5]中国铁路乌鲁木齐局集团有限公司,新疆乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《铁道科学与工程学报》2024年第7期2957-2968,共12页Journal of Railway Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFF0609400);中国铁路乌鲁木齐局集团有限公司科技研究开发计划重点课题(WLMQ-JGBM-KXB-KWB-2022-0002)。

摘　　要：为解决现有轮轨作用力识别方法存在的制作工艺复杂、制作成本高且无法实现轮轨接触位置测量的问题,提出一种测量水平横向和垂向轮轨接触力大小以及垂向载荷偏心位置新的轨旁识别方法。基于轮轨接触多元载荷解耦建立横向和垂向轮轨接触力大小和垂向接触力作用位置与钢轨腹板两侧垂向应变和、应变差的理论关系模型,依此得到基于腹板两侧应变运算的轮轨力大小与位置识别反算模型。设计了作用在腹板左、右两侧的正交组合式应变阵列电桥用于识别轮轨接触载荷在轨道腹板位置的应变响应,所设计的阵列电桥在实现腹板两侧应变的四则运算的同时兼顾温度自补偿。通过加载标定试验获取了多元载荷与腹板两侧应变输出之间的关系系数。通过随机组合加载试验验证了水平横向和垂向轮轨接触力大小与垂向接触力作用位置的识别精度,并在实车试验中对比分析了新型轮轨接触力测量方法与国标轮轨载荷测量方法对轮轨接触力大小的识别精度。研究结果表明:提出的轮轨接触力识别方法对接触力大小的识别误差在6.2%以内、对垂向载荷偏心位置的识别误差在7.6%以内,实现了使用轨旁识别方法对轮轨接触力大小和垂向载荷偏心位置的准确识别。研究结果为进一步保障钢轨服役可靠性的精准评估提供科学数据支撑。To solve the problems of complex manufacturing processes,high manufacturing costs,and inability to measure wheel rail contact positions in existing wheel rail force identification methods,a new wayside identification method was proposed.This method aimed to measure the magnitude of lateral and vertical wheel rail contact forces,as well as the position of vertical load.Based on the decoupling of multiple loads in wheel rail contact,a theoretical relationship model was established,linking the magnitudes of lateral and vertical wheel-rail contact forces and the position of the vertical contact force to the vertical strain summation and strain subtraction on both sides of the rail web.Subsequently,a reverse calculation model for identifying the magnitude and position of wheel rail force was obtained based on the calculation of strain on both sides of the rail web.An orthogonal strain gauge bridge,designed to act on both sides of the rail web,was implemented to identify the strain responses corresponding to wheel-rail contact loads at the rail web position.The designed bridge performs arithmetic operations on strains from both sides of the web while simultaneously considering temperature self-compensation.Relationship coefficients between multiple loads and strains on both sides of the web were obtained through loading calibration experiments.Randomly loading tests were conducted to validate the accuracy of identifying the magnitudes of lateral and vertical wheel-rail contact forces,as well as the positions of vertical contact forces.The accuracy of identifying the magnitude of wheel rail contact forces using the new measurement method and the national standard method was compared and analyzed in vehicle tests.The research results can indicate that the proposed wheel-rail contact force identification method achieves an error within 6.2%for force magnitude and 7.6%for the position of the vertical load,thereby realizing accurate identification of wheel-rail contact force magnitudes and vertical load eccentric positions

关 键 词：轮轨接触力 轨旁法 接触位置 理论公式 有限元分析 识别电桥 

分 类 号：U279.3[机械工程—车辆工程]