论西周宗法制度中的限度与调适  

Limitation and Adaptation:New Research on the Patriarchal System of Western Zhou Dynasty

作　　者：王进锋[1] Wang Jinfeng

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学历史学系,上海200241

出　　处：《中原文化研究》2024年第4期69-75,共7页The Central Plains Culture Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“西周时期的社会流动研究(18CZS007)”。

摘　　要：宗法制度是西周时期重要的制度,它在很多方面形塑着西周社会,既有积极的影响,同时也有消极的影响。宗法制虽然在西周社会的稳定和发展中发挥重要作用,但其核心嫡长子继承制却有着与生俱来的限度,即该制度排斥后天人力、个人情感、选贤任能,完全按照先天自然来决定继承者。正因为宗法制的限度,西周现实生活中对宗法制调适的现象屡见不鲜。具体体现于三个方面:一是有意或无奈地主动调适;二是蓄意地违背制度和武力破坏;三是遵守宗法制前提下小宗对大宗的超越。从社会流动的角度来说,西周宗法制度的阻碍力远远大于促进力,但当时人的调适行为也为社会流动留下了空间。The patriarchal system was an important system in the Western Zhou dynasty,which shaped the Western Zhou society in many aspects and had both positive and negative influences.Although the patriarchal system played an important role in the stability and development of Western Zhou society,its core inheritance system favoring eldest son had inherent limitations.It is a kind of inheritance system that excludes acquired human power,emotions and capabilities,and is determined entirely by birth.Because of the limitation of the patriarchal system,the phenomenon of adapting the patriarchal system to the real life of the Western Zhou dynasty was common.These specifically reflected in three aspects:first,active adapation intentionally or reluctantly;second,deliberate violation of the system and military destruction;third,under the premise of adhering to the patriarchal system,a successor from a small family replaces the one from a big family.Regarding social mobility,the patriarchal system predominantly hindered rather than facilitated progress,but the adjustment behavior of people at that time also left space for social mobility.

关 键 词：西周时期 宗法制 嫡长子继承制 限度 调适 

分 类 号：K221[历史地理—历史学]