非保障性宅基地使用权的市场化变革  

Marketization of the Right to Use Rural Housing Land with Social Security Function

作　　者：张洪波 ZHANG Hong-bo

机构地区：[1]南开大学法学院,天津300350

出　　处：《吉林大学社会科学学报》2024年第4期127-140,238,共15页Jilin University Journal Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(23BFX025)。

摘　　要：农村宅基地超标准、“一户多宅”的问题十分普遍,此外,还存在非集体成员以及非农业户口占用农村宅基地、城镇居民继承农村住宅的现象,这些都导致不具有保障功能的宅基地占比越来越高。保障性宅基地与非保障性宅基地应当分开变革,保障性宅基地限制市场化转让,建立非保障性宅基地自由流转市场。如此变革具有可行性,因为目前不但有流转需求,而且实际流转着的主要是非保障性宅基地。非保障性宅基地市场化的具体措施包括:一是将有独立四至的非保障性宅基地市场化、鼓励超标准宅基地的超标准部分流转,允许未建住宅的宅基地流转;二是以收取住宅保有税替代土地出让金;三是建立以宅基地使用权人直接转让为主的宅基地市场,允许城镇居民购买宅基地。It is a common problem that rural housing lands exceeds the standards and“one household possesses multiple lots”.In addition,there are also“non-collective members”(non-residents of the village)and agricultural household registration occupying rural housing lands,as well as the phenomenon of urban residents inheriting rural houses.These all lead to an increasing proportion of rural housing lands without social security function.The rural housing lands with social security function and those without security function should be separated for the reform.The rural housing lands with security function should be restricted in transfer,while those without security function should be fully market-oriented.At present,the main ones with transfer needs and undergoing transfer are the rural housing lands without security function,which are feasible to be marketized.The specific measures for the marketization of the rural housing lands without social security function include three aspects.First,except for the rural housing lands with independent four boundaries,the excess standard part of the rural housing lands should be encouraged to be incorporated in the transfer of those without security function,and the transfer of the lots without built residential houses should be allowed.Second,land transfer fees should be replaced with home ownership tax.Thirdly,a rural housing land market should be established mainly based on the direct transfer of the owner of the right of rural housing land,and urban residents should be allowed to purchase rural housing land.

关 键 词：宅基地 非保障性宅基地 三权分置 保有税 增值收益 

分 类 号：D922.3[政治法律—法学]