蒙古语借词对满语词汇系统的适应及其影响  

The Adaptation of Mongolian Loanwords to Manchu Lexical System and Its Influence

作　　者：达古拉 Daguul(School of Mongolian Studies,Inner Mongolia University,010021)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学蒙古学学院,010021

出　　处：《中国蒙古学（蒙文）》2024年第3期15-21,203,204,共9页CHINA MONGOLIAN STUDIES

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“语言接触视域下17世纪蒙古文珍稀档案文献中的借词及其传播研究”(编号:22BYY164)。

摘　　要：在漫长的历史发展过程中,满、蒙民族因其政治、经济、文化等方面的交往交流,蒙古语和满语相互接触与影响程度紧密且广泛。满语中被借入的蒙古语借词便是一项重要佐证,此类借词数量多且涉及领域广。根据构词结构可将其分为词根词和派生词两种类型。满语中的多数蒙古语借词词义保留其原义,但部分借词发生了不同程度的词义扩大、缩小和转移等变化,表现出满语在语言接受过程中的一项重要原则,即依据自身语言系统对借词进行适应、内化、更新和创造性使用。总之,蒙古语借词不但丰富了满语词汇,而且在一定程度上反映着满、蒙民族在历史发展过程中的语言接触和文化影响情况。In the long historical development process,due to the political,economic and cultural exchanges between the Manchu and Mongolian peoples,Mongolian and Manchu languages have close contact and profound influence on each other.The Mongolian loanwords borrowed in Manchu are important evidence,which are numerous and involve a wide range of fields.According to the structure of word formation,it can be divided into two types:root word and derivative word.Most of the loanwords in Manchu retain their original meanings,but some of the loanwords have changed in different degrees,such as enlargement,contraction and transfer,which shows an important principle in the process of language acceptance in Manchu,that is,to adapt,internalize,renew and creatively use loanwords according to their own language system.In short,Mongolian loan words not only enrich the Manchu vocabulary,but also reflect the language contact and cultural influence of Manchu and Mongolian in the course of historical development to a certain extent.

关 键 词：满语 蒙古语借词 构词结构 语义变化 对词汇的影响 

分 类 号：H212[语言文字—少数民族语言]