魏晋南北朝碑刻假借字职用关系考察  

A Study on the Functional Relationships of Phonetic Loan Characters in Stele Inscriptions During the Wei,Jin,and Northern and Southern Dynasties

作　　者：程慧 王敏 CHENG Hui;WANG Min(School of Chinese Literature,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081,China;School of Chinese Literature,Nanchang Normal University,Nanchang 330032,China)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学文学院,北京100081 [2]南昌师范学院文学院,江西南昌330032

出　　处：《南昌师范学院学报》2024年第3期66-74,共9页Journal of Nanchang Normal University

摘　　要：魏晋南北朝时期碑刻中假借字与假借义、假借字与该字本义、假借字与被借字等之间的关系较为复杂,按照职用关系对其进行细致测查与分类研究十分必要。经统计,该时期碑刻假借字共出现约608处,其中“本无其字”的假借79处,“本有其字”的通假513处,假借字代替专用假借字16处。该时期碑刻假借字中“本无其字”的假借呈衰落趋势,“本有其字”的通假增长且占比呈绝对优势,并且存在一批临时假借向古今假借过渡的假借字;此外,多承袭历史约定俗成假借字,包括一部分沿袭前代假借字形但假借义不同的字,完全新出假借字占比较小。该时期碑刻假借字成因多样,同时为字词关系、字际关系研究等提供了一批新的材料。During the Wei,Jin,and Northern and Southern Dynasties,the relationships between a phonetic loan character and its borrowed meaning,original meaning,and the original character are quite complex.It is essential to conduct a detailed investigation and classification study based on their functional relationships.According to statistics,there were approximately 608 occurrences of phonetic loan characters in the stele inscriptions of this period,including 79 instances of no original character,513 instances of conventional loans where the original character exists,and 16 instances of loan characters replacing specialized loan characters.The loan characters with no original character showed a declining trend during this period,while conventional loans increased and dominated proportionally.There were also a number of temporary loans transitioning to permanent loans.Furthermore,many borrowed characters adhered to historically established conventions,including some that inherited the form of previous dynasty loan characters but differed in borrowed meaning,with completely new loan characters forming a small proportion.The reasons behind the use of loan characters during this period are diverse and provide a new batch of materials for the study of word relationships and inter-character relationships.

关 键 词：魏晋南北朝碑刻 假借字 职用 

分 类 号：H02[语言文字—语言学]