异宗配合食用真菌双核体和单核体相关概念辨析  

Dynamic Relationships Between Dikaryon and Monokaryon in Heterothallic Edible Fungi

作　　者：鲍大鹏[1] 徐建平[2] 潘迎捷[3] 谭琦[1] BAO Dapeng;XU jianping;PAN Yingjie;TAN Qi(Key Laboratory of Edible Fungal Resources and Utilization(South),National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi,Institute of Edible Fungi,Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shanghai 201403,China;Department of Biology,McMaster University,Hamilton L8S 4K1,Canada;College of Food Sciences and Technology,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市农业科学院食用菌研究所,农业农村部南方食用菌资源利用重点实验室,国家食用菌工程技术研究中心,上海201403 [2]加拿大麦克马斯特大学生物系,哈密尔顿L8S 4K1 [3]上海海洋大学食品学院,上海201306

出　　处：《食用菌学报》2024年第4期1-11,共11页Acta Edulis Fungi

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32372789)。

摘　　要：回顾双核体和单核体在食用真菌中的研究历程,明晰其应用范围,详解有性单核体和无性单核体的形成方式,阐明双核体特有的离配和再配生物学现象;运用核相交替和核相互换两个基本概念,描述双核体和单核体之间通过有基因重组和无基因重组发生转换的两种路径;阐述交配过程中双核体和单核体承担的雄性角色和雌性角色等性角色,以及可能存在的雄性竞争和雌性挑选等性选择。厘清双核体和单核体相关概念,激励相关研究者能够围绕双核体生物学蕴藏的科学问题展开独立的思考和积极的探索,以促进我国食用真菌学科的建设。Dikaryons and monokaryons are fundamental states in most heterothallic edible fungi.This review covers the versatility of dikaryons in edible fungi,the dynamic relationships between dikaryon and monokaryon,the formation of sexual and asexual monokaryons,and the unique biological phenomena of unmating and remating in these fungi.Through nuclear alternation and nuclear exchange,dikaryons and monokaryons can transition to each other via two pathways:genetic recombination and no recombination.Using mitochondrial donor as the equivalent of female,we also contemplates the roles of male and female played by dikaryons and monokaryons during mating in edible fungi.Genetic analyses of mating products from between dikaryons and monokaryons suggest different sexual roles between mating partners,with strong evidence for sexual selection such as male competition and female choice.Together,these results suggest that dikaryons and monokaryons in edible fungi may serve as ideal models from which to explore the origins and persistence of life history traits in fungi and beyond.

关 键 词：食用真菌 双核体 单核体 核相交替 性角色 

分 类 号：S646[农业科学—蔬菜学]