木耳双翅目虫害调查及杀虫剂筛选  

Investigation of Diptera Insect Pests on Auricularia spp.and Screening of Insecticides

作　　者：程萱 曲绍轩[1] 林金盛[1] 李辉平[1] 周爱珠 顾鲁同 马林[1] CHENG Xuan;QU Shaoxuan;LIN Jinsheng;LI Huiping;ZHOU Aizhu;GU Lutong;MA Lin(Vegetable Research Institute,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014,Jiangsu,China;Qujiang District Agricultural Characteristic Industry Development Center,Quzhou 324022,Zhejiang,China;Jiangsu Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Nanjing 210036,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院蔬菜研究所,江苏省高效园艺作物遗传改良重点实验室,江苏南京210014 [2]衢州市衢江区农业特色产业发展中心,浙江衢州324022 [3]江苏省农业技术推广总站,江苏南京210036

出　　处：《食用菌学报》2024年第4期119-126,共8页Acta Edulis Fungi

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-20);江苏省现代农业(蔬菜)产业技术体系(JATS[2022]357和JATS[2023]320)。

摘　　要：为调查我国木耳(Auricularia spp.)主产区栽培中双翅目虫害种类,筛选适宜的高效低毒杀虫剂,对8个不同地区黑木耳(A.auricula)、毛木耳(A.cornea)和玉木耳(A.cornea,white variety)的虫样进行采集,采用形态特征与线粒体CO I基因片段序列比对相结合的方法进行分类鉴定。从采集的14种双翅目虫样中,鉴定出5科9种危害木耳的昆虫,其中眼蕈蚊科种类最多,为害范围最广;异迟眼蕈蚊是木耳栽培中需要重点关注和防治的种群。采用药液浸渍法测定8种杀虫剂对异迟眼蕈蚊的室内毒力,25%噻虫嗪可湿性粉剂对异迟眼蕈蚊的杀虫效果最好,LC_(50)为15.122 mg·L^(-1);其次为10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂和10%烯啶虫胺水剂,其LC_(50)分别为28.488、29.131 mg·L^(-1)。采用喷雾法测定8种杀虫剂对毛木耳产量的影响,从前三潮总产量比较发现,2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯微乳剂[1/500:(2096.00±29.26)g,1/1000:(1878.00±4.36)g]产量最高且显著高于所有处理,其次为25%噻虫嗪可湿性粉剂和0.5%苦参碱水剂。建议在毛木耳栽培中高效氯氟氰菊酯、噻虫嗪和苦参碱三类杀虫剂轮换使用。To investigate Diptera insect pest species in the major Auricularia spp.cultivation areas in China and screen high efficiency insecticides,Diptera insect samples were collected from eight different A.auricular and A.cornea cultivation areas,and then identified based on both morphological characteristics and phylogeny of mitochondrial CO I gene.The results showed that 14 Diptera samples were collected,and 9 species of insects belonging to 5 families were identified.Among them,Sciaridae insects ranked the top 1 in number of Auricularia spp.insect pest species and damage range;Bradysia impatiens needs close attention and control in Auricularia cultivation.Eight kinds of insecticides were then determined for laboratory toxicity against B.impatiens by the liquid immersion method.Thiamethoxam at 25%WP showed the best insecticidal effect on B.impatiens with an LC50 value of 15.122 mg·L^(-1).The next two high efficiency insecticides were 10%imidacloprid WP and 10%nitenpyram AS,with LC50 values of 28.488 and 29.131 mg·L^(-1),respectively.The eight insecticides were also sprayed onto A.cornea and evaluated for their effect on yield.Based on the total yield of the first three tides,spraying 2.5%λ-cyhalothrin ME resulted in the highest yield[(096.00±29.26)g at 1/500,and(1878.00±4.36)g at 1/1000].The overall first three tide yields of 25%thiamethoxam WP and 0.5%sophocarpidine AS were next to that of 2.5%λ-cyhalothrin ME.In conclusion,λ-cyhalothrin,thiamethoxam and sophocarpidine can be used in turn for A.cornea cultivation.

关 键 词：木耳 双翅目虫害 调查 眼蕈蚊 杀虫剂 

分 类 号：S436.462[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]