我国拉萨地区非近视儿童远视储备量不足现状及影响因素的流行病学研究  

Epidemiological study on the status and influencing factors of hyperopia reserve deficiency in non myopia children in the city of Lhasa in China

作　　者：李蕾[1] 孙芸芸[1] 孟昭君[1] 姚瑶 付晶[1] Li Lei;Sun Yunyun;Meng Zhaojun;Yao Yao;Fu Jing(Beijing Tongren Eye Center,Beijing Tongren Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology,Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences,Beijing 100730,China;Doctoral degree 2022(majoring in ophthalmology),Beijing Tongren Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100730,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院、北京同仁眼科中心、北京市眼科研究所、眼科学与视觉科学北京市重点实验室,100730 [2]首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院眼科,100730

出　　处：《中华眼科医学杂志（电子版）》2024年第2期77-82,共6页Chinese Journal of Ophthalmologic Medicine(Electronic Edition)

基　　金：北京市卫生健康委员会高层次公共卫生技术人才建设项目(学科带头人-02-10)。

摘　　要：目的调研拉萨地区非近视儿童远视储备量不足现状及影响因素,为儿童屈光状态调查、近视的预防和控制提供依据。方法采用随机整群抽样的方法,于2019年10月随机抽取拉萨地区一年级儿童共1853人(3706只眼)进行研究。其中,男性981人(1962只眼),女性872人(1744只眼)。年龄6~10岁,平均(6.82±0.46)岁。按睫状肌麻痹后等效球镜屈光度(SE)<0.75 D且>-0.50 D和SE值≥0.75 D分为远视储备量不足组和远视储备量足组。通过家长问卷和眼科检查,收集一年级儿童基本人口学特征、父母屈光不正病史、用眼时间、用眼习惯、远近视力和散瞳验光等检查结果。年龄、身高、体重和SE值等符合正态分布,用(x±s)描述,组间比较采用独立样本t检验。性别、民族、父母近视个数和远视储备量不足的影响因素采用例数和百分比描述,组间比较采用χ^(2)检验。进一步采用logistic回归分析的方法筛选儿童远视储备量不足的危险因素。结果纳入本研究的拉萨地区一年级儿童全部1853人(3706只眼)睫状肌麻痹后SE平均为(1.07±0.92)D,非近视儿童有1780人(3560只眼)。其中,远视储备量不足者有377人(754只眼),占21.18%。调查的非近视儿童中父母一方或双方都近视者有269人(538只眼),占15.36%。连续近距离用眼超过45 min的儿童有338人(676只眼),占19.75%;使用电子设备距离小于50 cm的儿童有732人(1464只眼),占68.80%;看电视距离小于3 m的儿童有1170人(2340只眼),占77.59%;有歪头写字习惯的儿童有823人(1646只眼),占43.13%;晚上有开灯睡觉习惯的儿童有72人(144只眼),占4.21%。远视储备量不足者男生和女生分别有942人(1884只眼)和有838人(1676只眼),分别占23.25%和18.85%;男生高于女生,差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=5.13,P<0.05)。远视储备量不足儿童的父母一方近视、双方均近视及父母双方均不近视者分别有23人(46只眼)、54人(108只眼)及296人(592只眼),�Objective To investigate the status and influencing factors of hyperopia reserve deficiency in non myopia children in Lhasa,which to provide the basis for the investigation of children's refractive status and the prevention and control of myopia.Methods A total of 1853 first grade children(3706 eyes)in Lhasa were randomly selected in October 2019 by random cluster sampling method.There were 981 males(1962 eyes)and 872 females(1744 eyes)with the average age of(6.82±0.46)years(ranging from 6 to 10 years).According to the equivalent spherical diopter(SE)<0.75 D and>-0.50 D and SE value≥0.75 D after cycloplegia,the children were divided into hyperopia reserve insufficient group and hyperopia reserve sufficient group.The basic demographic characteristics,parents'history of ametroia,eye use time,eye use habits,near and far visual acuity and mydriatic refraction of first grade children were collected through parents'questionnaire and ophthalmic examination.Age,height,weight and SE value were in accordance with normal distribution,and were described by(x±s)and compared by independent sample t test between groups.The influencing factors of gender,nationality,number of parents with myopia and insufficient hyperopia reserve were described by the number of cases and percentage,and compared by χ^(2) test between groups.Logistic regression analysis was further used to screen the risk factors of children's hyperopia reserve deficiency.Results The average SE of 1853 children(3706 eyes)in Lhasa after cycloplegia was(1.07±0.92)D,1780 children(3560 eyes)without myopia and 377 children(754 eyes)with insufficient hyperopia reserve,accounting for 21.18%.A total of 269 children(538 eyes)with one or both parents were myopic,accounting for 15.36%.A total of 338 children(676 eyes)used their eyes for more than 45 minutes,accounting for 19.75%.There were 732 children(1464 eyes)using electronic devices with a distance of less than 50 cm,accounting for 68.80%;1170 children(2340 eyes)watched TV less than 3 meters,accounting for 77.59%.A

关 键 词：远视储备量 儿童 影响因素 拉萨 

分 类 号：R77[医药卫生—眼科]