论英汉句子的封闭性和开放性及其对汉英翻译的启示  

On the Closeness of English Sentences,the Openness of Chinese Sentences and Their Values on Chinese-English Translation

作　　者：刘晓林[1] LIU Xiaolin

机构地区：[1]重庆三峡学院外国语学院,重庆404100

出　　处：《外语与外语教学》2024年第2期1-12,145,共13页Foreign Languages and Their Teaching

基　　金：重庆市社科规划社会组织项目“英语语序的历时发展研究”(项目编号:2021SZ52)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：英语句子封闭性在宏观层面的表现是单句内呈语用—语法—语义三域排序,而英语复句的封闭性体现在时态协调、有形主语控制和无形主语控制等方面,英语句子封闭性在微观层面主要表现在语法域内部呈现情态—完成—进行—被动排序,形成句法的完构效应;汉语句子的开放性体现在超越小句层面,主要指词、短语、小句、主谓结构、话题—说明结构之间的界限被打破,复句内部的分句之间呈现并列关系,语法形式(词)难以形成语法域,无法产生句法的完构效应。汉译英的过程就是要实现从汉语的开放句法结构到英语的封闭句法结构的转换,其中语法域的确立是关键。译者需要把握逻辑关系,用逻辑词封闭句法结构,来完成转换。English sentences and Chinese sentences assume closeness and openness respectively.The former can be investigated at both macro-level and micro-level.At macro-level,the closeness in English sentences is displayed in the“pragmatic-grammatical-semantic”sequence in sentencelayer and the tense-coordination,the explicit-subject control and the understood-subject control in complex-sentence-layer;at micro-level,it lies in the“modality-perfect-progressive-passivity”sequence and the thus-produced syntactic well-formedness.The openness in Chinese sentences is displayed above sentence-layer,mainly consisting in the unclear boundaries among words,phrases,clauses,subject-predicate constructions,complex sentences and topic-comment constructions,the coordination status in the sub-clauses in a subordinate-matrix compound sentence,the lack of grammatical-layer,and the consequential lack of the syntactic well-formedness effect.The transformation from openness-type sentences to closeness-type sentences is crucial in Chinese-English translation,in which the determining of grammatical layer is the primary step.A translator should figure out the logical relations in the source text,close the translated sentences with logical-bearing conjunctions,and thus complete the openness-to-closeness transformation.

关 键 词：封闭性 开放性 链联 汉译英 

分 类 号：H0[语言文字—语言学]