暴食性害虫黏虫和斜纹夜蛾幼虫头部形态及感受器超微结构  

Larval head morphology and ultrastructure of sensilla in tyrannophagous Mythimna separata and Spodoptera litura

作　　者：徐元昌 杨昌和 李勇辉 史程健 何云贵 杨梅红 张愚 唐国文 XU Yuanchang;YANG Changhe;LI Yonghui;SHI Chengjian;HE Yungui;YANG Meihong;ZHANG Yu;TANG Guowen(College of Plant Protection,Yunnan Agricultural University,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan,Kunming 650201,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学植物保护学院,省部共建云南生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室,昆明650201

出　　处：《植物保护》2024年第4期196-204,共9页Plant Protection

基　　金：云南省烟草公司昆明市公司项目(KMYC202202)。

摘　　要：黏虫Mythimna separata和斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura幼虫兼具多食性和暴食性,严重威胁我国粮食及其他经济作物的生产安全。本研究使用扫描电镜技术系统观察并描述了3~6龄黏虫和斜纹夜蛾的头部形态及触角和口器上的感受器。结果表明:黏虫幼虫头部近圆形,斜纹夜蛾幼虫头部呈椭圆形;2种幼虫头部触角上均分布有毛形感器(Sensilla trichodea,St)、刺形感器(Sensilla chaetica,Sc)、锥形感器(Sensilla basiconica,Sb)和栓锥形感器(Sensilla styloconica,Ss)4种类型感器;下颚和下唇上分布有刺形感器、锥形感器和栓锥形感器共3种类型感器,其中刺形感器和锥形感器均有2种亚型;随着龄期的增加,黏虫和斜纹夜蛾幼虫头部的感器种类及形态特征维持不变,但长度和基部直径均有不同程度的增大,相同龄期的2种幼虫在感器大小上存在一定差异;在感器数量上,黏虫幼虫下颚的锥形感器Ⅰ(SbⅠ)随龄期增加显著增多,在暴食期达到最大值,但在斜纹夜蛾中并未观察到这种现象。该结果可为探究这2种暴食性害虫的寄主植物选择差异奠定形态学基础。Both Mythimna separata and Spodoptera litura larvae are polyphagous and gluttonous,posing a serious threat to the safety of food crops and other cash crops in China.The present study systematically observed and described the head morphology,antennae,and sensilla on the mouthparts of M.separata and S.litura from the 3rd to 6th instar larvae using a scanning electron microscope(SEM).The results showed that the head of M.separata larvae was subrounded,while the head of S.litura larvae was ellipsoid.Four types of sensilla-sensilla trichodea(St),Sensilla chaetica(Sc),Sensilla basiconica(Sb),and Sensilla styloconica(Ss)were distributed on the antennae of these two species.Three types of sensilla:Sensilla chaetica,Sensilla basiconica,and Sensilla styloconica were distributed on the maxilla and labium,with two subtypes of Sensilla chaetica and Sensilla basiconica.With increasing instar,the types of sensorium sensilla and morphological characteristics of the head of M.separata and S.litura larvae remained unchanged,but the length and basal diameter increased to different extents,and these two larvae of the same instar differed somewhat in sensilla size.In terms of sensilla number,Sensilla basiconica typeⅠ(SbⅠ)of M.separata larval maxilla increased significantly with increasing instar,reaching a maximum at the gluttonous stage,but this phenomenon was not observed in S.litura.This result may provide an ultrastructure morphological basis for investigating the differences in host plant selection between these two gluttonous pests.

关 键 词：黏虫 斜纹夜蛾 幼虫感受器 扫描电镜 暴食期 

分 类 号：Q964[生物学—昆虫学]