不同药剂及施药技术对玉米南方锈病的防效研究  

Control efficacy of different fungicides and application technologies on southern corn rust

作　　者：王子伟 鲍丽 宛琼[1] 陈莉[1] 齐永霞[1] WANG Ziwei;BAO Li;WAN Qiong;CHEN Li;QI Yongxia(College of Plant Protection,Anhui Agricultural University,Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops of Anhui Province,Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes,Hefei 230036,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学植物保护学院,作物有害生物综合治理安徽省重点实验室,植物病虫害生物学与绿色防控安徽普通高校重点实验室,合肥230036

出　　处：《植物保护》2024年第4期368-375,共8页Plant Protection

基　　金：企事业单位委托科技项目(22334014)。

摘　　要：近年来,由多堆柄锈菌Puccinia polysora Underw.引起的玉米南方锈病在黄淮海玉米产区发生频率高、危害重。为明确玉米南方锈病的最佳防治时期,不同杀菌剂种类、施用剂量及防治次数对玉米南方锈病的防治效果,在大田条件下,以丙硫菌唑为供试杀菌剂,探讨了在玉米不同生育期防治及防治次数对玉米南方锈病的防效及对玉米产量的影响,同时研究了丙环唑、戊唑醇、氟环唑和丙硫菌唑4种杀菌剂不同使用剂量对玉米南方锈病的防效及对玉米产量的影响。结果表明,分别在玉米大喇叭口期、抽雄初期、吐丝期和灌浆期防治,以抽雄初期的防效最好(58.47%),挽回产量损失率最高(108.05%)。施药两次对玉米南方锈病的防治效果显著优于施药一次的防治效果。丙环唑、戊唑醇、氟环唑和丙硫菌唑4种杀菌剂对玉米南方锈病均有一定的防控效果,施药后14 d的防效均在85%以上,施药后28 d的防效呈明显下降趋势。4种杀菌剂防治玉米南方锈病,防效以氟环唑(1350 mL/h m^(2))和丙硫菌唑(1350 mL/h m^(2))最好,施药后14 d的防效分别为95.68%和95.57%;施药后28 d的防效分别为55.39%和60.27%。4种杀菌剂不同使用剂量的挽回产量损失率均在70%以上。从防治效果及挽回产量损失率等方面综合考虑,防治该病的最佳施药期为玉米抽雄初期,4种供试药剂均可在大田防治中推广应用。In recent years,southern corn rust,caused by Puccinia polysora Underw.,occurred with high frequency and serious harm in the corn producing areas of Huang-Huai-Hai.To clarify the optimal control period for southern corn rust,and analyze the control effects of different fungicides,application dosages and control frequency on southern rust corn,the following experiments were carried out.In the field conditions,the effects of different control periods and frequency on the control efficacy of southern corn rust and maize yield was investigated by using prothioconazole as the tested fungicide.At the same time,the effects of different dosages of propiconazole,tebuconazole,epoxiconazole,and prothioconazole on the control efficacy of southern corn rust and maize yield were also determined.The results showed that the control efficacy of early tasseling stage was the best(58.47%)and the yield increase rate was the highest(108.05%)among the flaring stage,early tasseling stage,spinning period and filling stage.The control effect of twice application on southern corn rust was significantly better than that of one application.Propiconazole,tebuconazole,epoxiconazole and prothioconazole all had certain control effects on southern corn rust.The control efficacies of 14 days after spraying were above 85%,and those of 28 days after spraying showed a significant downward trend.Four tested fungicides were used to control southern corn rust and epoxiconazole(1350 mL/h m^(2))and prothioconazole(1350 mL/h m^(2))had the best control effect.The control efficacies of 14 days after spraying were 95.68%and 95.57%,respectively,while those of 28 days after spraying were 55.39%and 60.27%,respectively.The recovered yield loss rates of the four fungicides at different dosages were over 70%.From multiple aspects such as control effect and the recovered yield loss rate,the optimal spraying fungicide period for controlling this disease was the early tasseling stage.The four tested fungicides could be used in field control.

关 键 词：玉米南方锈病 杀菌剂 使用剂量 防治次数 产量 防治效果 

分 类 号：S435.13[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]