12个石斛属寡花组和顶叶组物种花的挥发性成分分析  

Flower Volatile Components of Twelve Species from Holochrysa and Densiflora Groups in Dendrobium

作　　者：郭玉华 洪小雨 黄明忠[1] 李明瑞 李崇晖[1] 陆顺教[1] 尹俊梅[1] GUO Yuhua;HONG Xiaoyu;HUANG Mingzhong;LI Mingrui;LI Chonghui;LU Shunjiao;YIN Junmei(Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou,Hainan 571101,China;School of Horticulture and Forestry,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan,Hubei 430070,China;College of Resources and Environment,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming,Yunnan 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所,海南海口571101 [2]华中农业大学园艺林学学院,湖北武汉430070 [3]云南农业大学资源与环境学院,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2024年第7期1467-1477,共11页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：海南省重点研发计划项目(No.ZDYF2022XDNY219)。

摘　　要：石斛是著名的观赏和药用植物,为探讨石斛属寡花组和顶叶组石斛物种花朵中的挥发性成分,采用固相微萃取(SPME)法和气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术,对5种寡花组和7种顶叶组石斛植物盛花期花朵的挥发性成分进行测定和分析。结果表明:供试的12种石斛属植物花朵中共鉴定出挥发性成分74种,其中烯类36种、醛类13种、醇类12种、酯类3种、酮类5种、烷烃类3种、芳香族类2种;挥发性物质种类较多的是寡花组中的竹叶石斛,有47种,其次是顶叶组中的鼓槌石斛和苏瓣石斛,分别有37种和35种,最少的是顶叶组中的黄法式石斛,仅有18种,大多石斛的挥发性物质种类均在20种以上,并且大多以烯类化合物为主,仅有顶叶组中的小黄花石斛和密花石斛以醛类化合物为主。对挥发性成分进行聚类分析,发现除了少数石斛未聚到原先的分组外,其余的均聚到一起,说明石斛花朵挥发性物质可以作为石斛分组的依据。研究结果可作为顶叶组石斛植物品种选育、资源开发和利用提供一定的参考依据,对石斛属植物分组具有借鉴意义。Dendrobium are famous for the ornamental and medicinal value.In order to explore the volatile components in the flowers of Dendrobium in Sect.Holochrysa and Sect.Chrysotoxae Kraenzl.,the volatile components in the flow-ers of five Dendrobium in Sect.Holochrysa and seven Dendrobium in Sect.Chrysotoxae Kraenzl.were extracted by solid phase micro extraction(SPME)and analyzed via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).Results showed that 74 volatile components were identified from the flowers of the species,47 of which from D.hancockii in Sect.Holochrysa were the main volatile components;Secondly,there were 37 and 35 volatile components from D.chrysotoxum and D.harveyanum in the Sect.Chrysotoxae Kraenzl.,respectively.The least component species was D.farmeri in the Sect.Chrysotoxae Kraenzl.with only 18 volatile components.Most of the species of volatile substances in Dendrobium were more than 20,and most of which were alkenes,except D.kenkinsii and D.densiflorum in the Sect.Chrysotoxae Kraenzl.mainly contained aldehydes.Cluster analysis of volatile ingredients showed that all the Den-drobium flowers were clustered together except a few Dendrobium plants were not clustered in the original grouping,which indicated that the volatile substances in Dendrobium flowers could be used as a reference for Dendrobium grouping.This study would provide references for the breeding,resource exploration and utilization of Dendrobium,and exert significant value on the grouping of Dendrobium.

关 键 词：石斛属 寡花组 顶叶组 香气成分分析 

分 类 号：S31[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]