产后1年以上的母乳营养成分变化研究  

Changes in nutrients in human milk beyond 1 year postpartum

作　　者：任琦琦 张永久 蒋士龙 李凯风 李菊芳 解庆刚 REN Qiqi;ZHANG Yongjiu;JIANG Shilong;LI Kaifeng;LI Jufang;XIE Qinggang(Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co.Ltd.,Beijing 100016,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江飞鹤乳业有限公司,北京100016

出　　处：《中国乳品工业》2024年第7期47-52,共6页China Dairy Industry

基　　金：黑龙江省“百千万”工程科技重大专项(2019ZX07B01)。

摘　　要：文章系统性综述哺乳期超过1年的母乳中营养素含量,了解营养成分在哺乳期的纵向变化,为长时间母乳喂养提供支持。检索并筛选1970~2022年发表的16篇研究文章,数据汇总成3个哺乳期:0~6月、7~12月和12月以上。结果显示母乳中多数营养素含量在0~6月哺乳期时最高。哺乳期12月以上的母乳中脂肪、总脂肪酸、HMOs、钠、铜、s IgA、IgG、C4和溶菌酶的含量,以及母乳抗氧化能力均高于哺乳期7~12月时。哺乳期12月以上的母乳中铁、锌、维生素C、乳铁蛋白和IgM的含量与哺乳期7~12月无统计学差异。哺乳期12月以上的母乳中蛋白质、碳水化合物、钙、镁、钾、锰和C3的含量相对下降,但含量接近7~12月。基于现有研究,哺乳期超过1年的母乳营养成分依旧充足,尤其是母乳中活性物质的含量在延长哺乳期稳定或上升的研究更为延长母乳喂养提供论据。To systematically review the nutrients of human milk during lactation for more than one year,in order to understand the longitudinal changes in nutrients of human milk throughout lactation to support prolonged breastfeeding.Fifteen studies published between 1970 and 2022 were searched and screened.These data were aggregated into three lactation periods:0-6 months,7-12 months,and beyond 12 months.The results show that the concentration of most nutrients in human milk were the highest during the lactation period from 0 to 6 months.The concentration of fat,total fatty acids,HMOs,sodium,copper,sIgA,IgG,C4,and lysozyme,as well as the antioxidant capacity in human milk from beyond 12 months of lactation were higher than those from 7 to 12 months of lactation.There were no significant differences in the concentration of iron,zinc,Vitamin C,lactoferrin and IgM in human milk beyond 12 months of lactation compared with those during lactation period from 7 to 12 months.The contents of protein,carbohydrates,calcium,magnesium,potassium,manganese and C3 were relatively decreased in human milk over 12 months of lactation.On pooling of the available evidence,the nutrients of human milk beyond 1 year postpartum is still sufficient,especially the evidence that the content of active substances in human milk stabilizes or increases during extended lactation provides an argument for prolonged breastfeeding.

关 键 词：人乳 延长哺乳期 营养素 活性物质 免疫成分 

分 类 号：TS252.51[轻工技术与工程—农产品加工及贮藏工程]