图文互生:晚明公案小说的图像叙事与知识传播  

Interplay of Text and Image:Visual Narration and Knowledge Dissemination in Legal Cases Fictions in the Late Ming Dynasty

作　　者：崔蕴华[1] 王怡然 CUI Yunhua;WANG Yiran(School of Humanities,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学人文学院,北京100088

出　　处：《中国文学研究》2024年第3期89-99,共11页Research of Chinese Literature

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“明代公案小说海内外文献整理及其与法律文本互动关系研究”(21BZW106);国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国历代民间说唱文艺研究资料整理与数据库建设”(17ZDA246)。

摘　　要：晚明时期公案小说密集刊刻,其中的图像形式可分为“图文分离”式和“上图下文”式,它们既是民间书坊营销的巧妙策略,亦是民众审美图式的视觉化呈现。首先,公案小说中的全页图像有再现更有装饰,呈现出案件审理的不同层面,还原了某些重要的案发场景,一些图像的精美线条与山水的虚实呈现也彰显某种独特的艺术审美享受;其次,晚明公案小说是民间书坊“上图下文”形式的最后辉煌与兴盛。上图下文中的图像较为简单粗糙,但是其优势则为叙述的视觉连续性,这使得图像超越了对情节的简单复现,而是在知识实践基础上的典故视觉化。同一故事不同版本的图像选择呈现不同的视觉叙事策略和图像正义;再次,晚明公案小说因大量案件涉及法律器物而对相关图像有细致丰富之呈现,并明晰了不同刑具所适用的审讯、监禁与刑罚等不同司法场景,发挥了传播法律知识和提升民众法律知识水平的作用。Legal cases fictions were intensively published in the late Ming period,featuring two distinct visual forms:“imagestext separation”and“image above-text below”.These forms served as clever marketing strategies in folk bookstores and visualized the aesthetic patterns appreciated by the general public.Firstly,the full-page images in legal cases fictions went beyond mere reproduction and decoration,presenting different aspects of case trials and depicting certain significant crime scenes,while the exquisite lines and the portrayal of landscapes showcased a unique form of artistic aesthetic enjoyment.Secondly,the legal cases fictions reached their pinnacle of brilliance and prosperity in the“image above-text below”format commonly found in folk bookstores.The images in this format may appear simple and rough,but their advantage lies in the visual continuity they provide in narration.It makes the image go beyond the simple reproduction of the plot and realizes the visualization of allusions based on knowledge and practices.Different versions of images selected for the same story employed distinct visual narrative strategies and reflected different notions of visual justice.Moreover,due to the extensive involvement of legal objects in numerous cases,the legal cases fictions in the late Ming Dynasty presented intricate and detailed depictions of relevant images,and clarified the different judicial scenes associated with interrogation,imprisonment,and punishment according to the specific instruments used.This played a crucial role in disseminating legal knowledge and enhancing the legal awareness of the general public.

关 键 词：公案小说 图像 上图下文 图像叙事 法律器物 知识传播 

分 类 号：I01[文学—文学理论]