现实相关性的句法分析:以汉语双“了”结构和英语完成态为例  

A Syntactic Analysis of Current Relevance Based on Mandarin Double Le Configuration and English Perfec

作　　者：王晨 

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学外国语学院

出　　处：《外国语文研究（辑刊）》2024年第1期105-121,共17页

基　　金：南京理工大学自主科研项目“跨语言视角下方位系统的生成语法研究”(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助,No.30923010411)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本研究提出现时相关性这一跨语言的语法功能实为焦点结构的观点。其灵活的解读来源于强调事件已完成这一事实在不同语境下引发的会话隐含义。这一观点决定了现时相关性在句法上应该包含两个关键信息:一为焦点标记,二为完成时体。这在英语中表现为助动词have和过去分词组成的完成态,而在汉语中表现为同时包含词尾“了”和句尾“了”的双“了”结构。完成态和双“了”结构在句法上具有很多相似的表现,如不兼容状语修饰词、受焦点干涉效应影响等。这说明以焦点标记和完成时体表达现时相关性这一概念是一种跨语言的共通手段。In this paper,I propose that current relevance,agrammatical function found cross-linguistically,is a structure of focus.The flexibility of its interpretation comes from the conversational implicature raised by focus in different contexts.The idea entails a syntactic model consisting of two core parts:a focus marker and the perfective aspect.This model is realized as the perfect in English,which includes the auxiliary have and the past participle,and the Double Le Configuration in Mandarin,which involves the co-occurrence of verbal le and sentential le.These morpho-syntactic structures exhibit similar distributional restrictions,such as the incompatibility with adverbial modifiers in the absence of a proper context,and the constraints typically found with the focus intervention effect.This analysis shows that from a cross-linguistic view,there may be a universal mechanism that express the meaning of current relevance with focus and perfectiveness.

关 键 词：句法 现时相关性 完成态 了 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语] H314.3