不同负载条件下拖拉机发动机工作特性研究  

Research on the Operating Characteristics of Tractor Engines under Different Load Conditions

作　　者：郭葳 Guo Wei(College of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering,Xuchang Vocational Technology College,Xuchang 461000,China)

机构地区：[1]许昌职业技术学院机电与汽车工程学院,河南许昌461000

出　　处：《农机化研究》2024年第12期250-254,共5页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：河南省科技攻关重点项目(112102110155);河南省教育厅项目(2020GZGG022)。

摘　　要：保障农用拖拉机的田间燃油经济性能是农业生产的基本作业要求。为此,以“麦赛福格森”拖拉机的负载情况为研究目标,基于拖拉机电子监控系统,选取6台麦赛福格森6499拖拉机,探明拖拉机在犁地、耕地、播种、运输工作条件下发动机转速和周期性燃油喷射变化规律,并绘制拖拉机负载曲线的直方图,系统分析了拖拉机在田间不同负载条件和发动机转速条件下的工作时间。结果表明:麦赛福格森6499拖拉机部分工作时间(超过35%)都处于极低的扭矩(0~30%Mmax)下工作;拖拉机在超过25%的工作时间内以极低的扭矩(0~30%Mmax)和较低的发动机转速(>1100r/min)工作,此时拖拉机运行的经济性能较差;在高扭矩(>50%Mmax)和中等(1100~2100r/min)、高(>2100r/min)发动机转速下,拖拉机的平均工作时间占总工作时间的40%;拖拉机在较低扭矩(30%~50%Mmax)和中等(1100~2100r/min)发动机转速下工作的大部分时间超过20%。研究结果可为提高发动机功率、降低燃料消耗和改进拖拉机工作性能提供技术参考与借鉴。To ensure the field fuel economy performance of agricultural tractors is the basic operation requirement of agricultural production.In order to find out the characteristics and changes of engine movement under different tractor load conditions,this study takes the load condition of Massey Ferguson tractors as the research target,and analyzes six Massey Ferguson 6499 tractors by using the tractor electronic monitoring system,under the working conditions of plowing,plowing,planting and transporting,the engine speed and Periodic fuel injection variation patterns,histograms of tractor load curves,and systematic analysis of tractor operating times under different load conditions and engine speed conditions in the field.The results showed that Massey Ferguson MF 6499 tractor worked at very low torque(0~30%Mmax)for part of the working time(more than 35%);the tractor worked at very low torque(0~30%Mmax)and low engine speed(>1100r/min)for more than 25%of the working time,when the tractor operated with poor economic poor economic performance.At high torque(>50%Mmax)and moderate(1100~2100r/min)and high(>2100r/min)engine speeds,the tractor worked an average of 40%of the total operating time.The tractor worked most of the time at lower torque(30%~50%Mmax)and medium(1100~2100r/min)engine speeds more than 20%of the time.The results of the study are intended to provide a technical reference for improving tractor performance by increasing engine power and reducing fuel consumption.

关 键 词：拖拉机 发动机转速 工作特性 负载 

分 类 号：S219.031-1[农业科学—农业机械化工程]