恶性肿瘤患者姑息治疗面临的生命伦理难题及破解之道  

Bioethical dilemmas and solutions faced by palliative care for patients with malignant tumors

作　　者：林珂宇 张洪江 戈丽薇 LIN Keyu;ZHANG Hongjiang;GE Liwei(School of Medical Humanities,Jinzhou Medical University,Jinzhou 121001,China;School of Marxism,Jinzhou Medical University,Jinzhou 121001,China)

机构地区：[1]锦州医科大学医学人文学院,辽宁锦州121001 [2]锦州医科大学马克思主义学院,辽宁锦州121001

出　　处：《中国医学伦理学》2024年第7期764-769,共6页Chinese Medical Ethics

基　　金：锦州医科大学2022年教育教学研究与改革项目“基于‘问题导向、团队研究、专题讲授’三位一体的研究生思政课链式教学改革创新研究”(YJ2022-012)。

摘　　要：姑息治疗作为治疗恶性肿瘤最为特殊的方式,不仅有利于提高患者的生命质量和生命价值,缓解患者及其家属的身心痛苦,而且可以帮助患方减轻经济负担并有效避免医疗卫生资源的浪费。然而,在姑息治疗服务实际推进过程中却面临死亡尊严、心理照护需求、患者自主决策权利等多方面的伦理问题。从生命伦理角度出发,通过剖析不同类型的现实争端,揭示其内在伦理问题,并从捍卫患者尊严、打破传统认知局限、建立医患共同决策的场域模式等方面为构建符合国情的姑息治疗服务模式,维护恶性肿瘤患者的生命权益,提出具体的解决对策。Palliative care,as the most special way to treat malignant tumors,is not only conducive to improving the quality of life and life value of patients,as well as alleviating the physical and mental pain of patients and their families,but also can help to relieve their financial burden and effectively avoid the waste of limited public resources.However,in the actual promotion of palliative care services,various ethical issues are encountered,such as the dignity of death,the need for psychological care,and the patient’s right to independent decision-making.From the perspective of bioethics,by analyzing different types of practical disputes,this paper revealed their inherent ethical problems,and proposed specific countermeasures from the aspects of defending patient dignity,breaking the limitations of traditional cognition,and establishing a field model for joint decision-making between doctors and patients,so as to build a palliative care service model that suits China’s national conditions and safeguard the patients’life rights and interests with malignant tumors.

关 键 词：恶性肿瘤患者 姑息治疗 生命伦理 

分 类 号：R-052[医药卫生]