基于PLC的变量喷雾系统的设计与试验  

Design and Test of Variable Spray System Based on PLC

作　　者：齐亚聪 陈毅飞 杨会民[2,3] 喻晨 王学农[1,2,3] Qi Yacong;Chen Yifei;Yang Huimin;Yu Chen;Wang Xuenong(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urümqi 830052,China;Agricultural Mechanization Institute,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science,Urümqi 830091,China;Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Forest Fruit,Cotton and Facility,Agriculture Equipment,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Urümqi 830091,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学机电工程学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业科学院农业机械化研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [3]农业农村部林果棉装备科学观测实验站,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《农机化研究》2024年第11期162-168,共7页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：新疆农业科学院自主培育项目(nkyzztd-003);“新疆设施农业智能管控技术重点实验室”项目(XJYS1703);教育部第二批新工科研究与实践项目(E-SPNL20202326,地方高校组)。

摘　　要：精准农业是农业生产的发展方向,故根据精准农业中变量喷雾技术的发展需求,对变量喷雾技术进行研究。在此,主要介绍了一种基于可编程逻辑控制器(Programmable Logic Controller,PLC)的变量喷雾系统,通过试验验证该变量喷雾系统的变量性能。变量喷雾系统主要由PLC、触摸屏(Touch Panel Monitor)、电磁阀、药水泵、压力表及电源模块等组成,使用触摸屏通过RS232通讯给PLC发送变量信号,PLC接收到信号后调节电磁阀的开度,达到变量喷雾的目的。通过在3个不同管路压力、10个不同电磁阀开度的试验,建立管路压力、电磁阀开度和喷头喷雾量的模型参数。试验结果表明:喷雾系统有较好的变量能力,在同一压力、不同开度条件下的最大变量能力为6.77,在不同压力、不同开度工作条件下最大变量能力为9.91。在不同压力下,分析并验证了电磁阀开度与喷雾量之间函数关系,曲线拟合结果表明:利用线性函数、指数函数、多项式函数拟合电磁阀开度和喷雾量,决定系数均大于0.9,最大为0.9998。相对误差分析结果表明:利用指数函数和多项式函数拟合的平均相对误差均在4%以内,可为变量喷雾机的设计与应用提供技术与数据支撑。Precision agriculture is the development direction of agricultural production.According to the development needs of the variable spray technology in precision agriculture,the variable spray technology is studied.This paper mainly introduces a variable spray system based on Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)to verify the variable performance through the test.The variable spray system is mainly composed of PLC,touch screen(Touch Panel Monitor),solenoid valve,drug water pump,pressure gauge and power supply module.The system uses the touch screen to send the variable signal to the PLC through the RS232 communication.After receiving the signal,the PLC adjusts the opening degree of the solenoid valve to achieve the purpose of the variable spray.Establish the model parameters of line pressure,solenoid valve opening and head spray amount through the tests of solenoid valve opening.The test results show that the spray system has a good variable power of 6.77 under the same pressure and 9.91 under different pressure and different opening operating conditions.The function between the solenoid valve opening and the spray amount is analyzed and verified at different pressures.The curve fitting results show that by using the linear function,index function and polynomial function,the determination coefficient is greater than 0.9,where the maximum is 0.9998.The relative error analysis results show that the average relative error of the exponential function and the polynomial function fitting is within 4%,which provides technical and data support for the design and application of the variable sprayer.

关 键 词：变量喷雾 PLC 电磁阀 开度 喷雾量 

分 类 号：S491[农业科学—植物保护] S275.9