“路线分合”:20世纪30年代江南农村的困境与出路  

Separation and Integration:On the Predicament and Countermeasures of Jiangnan Countryside in 1930s

作　　者：刘超[1] 殷佳敏 LIU Chao;YIN Jiamin(College of Education,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学教育学院,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《杭州师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第4期115-124,共10页Journal of Hangzhou Normal University(Humanities and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金教育学青年项目“民国时期大学学术建制研究”(C0A190248)的研究成果。

摘　　要：20世纪30年代,在全球大萧条冲击下中国农村陷入破产,向称富庶的江南农村亦未能幸免。农民经济困顿,由此而来的是抢米风潮等一系列社会动乱事件。造成江南农村困境的原因,既有一般性的天灾人祸、苛捐杂税等因素,也有因商业化程度较高而受国际市场冲击较大,以及毗邻政治中心而承担了更多国民政府赋税压力等特殊因素。针对江南农村的困境,社会团体最先做出反应。此后,政府、银行界、学校等纷纷参与,并提出了救济经济、改良技术、提升教育、改造社会等不同进路,当地农村状况亦因此有所改观。国民政府在此过程中努力争夺主导权,并充分整合各方力量,进一步加强了对农村的有效控制。在此运动中,各方既有大量合作,也有诸多分歧,由此出现了对政府的亲疏向背的多样选择。随着危机的进一步加深,各派暂时搁置成见走向联合。但农村问题依然作为一个繁难的社会问题长期绵亘于中国社会变革的深层结构中。In the 1930s,China's rural areas fell into bankruptcy and the prosperous rural areas of Jiangnan were not spared.In fact,farmers were in economic distress,and a series of social unrest events such as the wave of rice robbery came from it.In general,the predicament of the rural areas in the south of the Yangtze River can be attributed to the general natural disasters and man-made disasters,excessive taxes and other factors,as well as the special factors such as the greater impact of the international market due to its high degree of commercialization,and the more tax pressure of the national government due to its proximity to the political center.Social groups were the first to respond to the plight of the Jiangnan countryside.Since then,the government,banks,and schools have joined the effort and come up with different ways to help the economy,improve technology,enhance education,and reform society.In this process,the national government fought for dominance and fully integrated the forces of all parties,further strengthening the effective control over the countryside.In this movement,there is a great deal of cooperation,but also a lot of disagreement,resulting in the emergence of a variety of friendly or distant government choices.As the crisis deepened,all factions put aside their differences and joined forces.But the rural problem was still lurking in the deep structure of China's social reform as a social problem.

关 键 词：江南农村 乡村建设 农村复兴 社会改造 

分 类 号：K29[历史地理—历史学]