西北旱作区党参秸秆基质对马铃薯原原种产量和经济效益的影响  

Effects of Codonopsis pilosula straw substrate on the yield and economic benefits of potato pre-basic seed in the Northwest arid region

作　　者：范奕 李亚杰 韩儆仁 谭伟军 陈自雄 张娟宁 陈小丽 孔乐辉 张明 卞春松[3] FAN Yi;LI Yajie;HAN Jingren;TAN Weijun;CHEN Zixiong;ZHANG Juanning;CHEN Xiaoli;KONG Lehui;ZHANG Ming;BIAN Chunsong(Dingxi Agricultural Science Research Institute,Dingxi,Gansu 743000,China;Gansu Potato Industry Technology Innovation Center,Dingxi,Gansu 743000,China;Institute of Vegetables and Flowers,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]定西市农业科学研究院,甘肃定西743000 [2]甘肃省马铃薯产业技术创新中心,甘肃定西743000 [3]中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2024年第4期199-209,共11页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：甘肃省技术创新引导计划-农业类(22CX8NJ153);甘肃省自然科学基金(23JRRJ0002);定西市重点技术攻关专项(DX2022BZ38,DX2023AZ13);定西市应用基础研究专项(DX2023AY06);科技特派员(基地)专项(23CXNJ0017)。

摘　　要：为探究传统栽培基质的替代物及新型混配基质对马铃薯原原种影响,于2023在定西市开展裂区试验,以马铃薯品种为主区,2个品种分别为‘陇薯7号’(V1)和‘冀张薯12号’(V2);以党参秸秆、草炭土、蛭石、椰糠按不同体积比例混配的栽培基质类型为副区,11种栽培基质分别为:T1(20%党参+50%草炭土+30%蛭石)、T2(30%党参+40%草炭土+30%蛭石)、T3(50%党参+20%草炭土+30%蛭石)、T4(70%党参+30%蛭石)、T5(100%党参)、T6(20%党参+40%草炭土+40%椰糠)、T7(30%党参+30%草炭土+40%椰糠)、T8(50%党参+10%草炭土+40%椰糠)、T9(60%党参+40%椰糠)、CK1(100%蛭石)、CK2(100%椰糠),开展不同栽培基质对马铃薯原原种生长发育、产量和经济效益的影响研究。结果表明:党参秸秆与草炭土、蛭石或椰糠混配时‘陇薯7号’和‘冀张薯12号’脱毒苗成活率分别为33.30%~100.00%和63.48%~100.00%。T1处理下‘陇薯7号’总产量、总产出、经济效益和投入产出率最高,分别为5650.98 kg·hm^(-2)、249.54万元·hm^(-2)、165.38万元·hm^(-2)和2.97,分别较CK1增加81.04%、60.57%、110.27%和47.03%,较CK2增加74.49%、41.89%、75.73%和38.14%;‘冀张薯12’号总产量、总产出、经济效益和投入产出率分别为3950.06 kg·hm^(-2)、180.32万元·hm^(-2)、96.16万元·hm^(-2)和2.14,分别较CK1增加45.32%、18.79%、28.14%和8.08%,较CK2增加56.50%、32.26%、76.18%和28.14%。综上,在混合基质中适当提高党参秸秆比例能有效促进马铃薯脱毒苗的生长发育,提高原原种的产量和经济效益。To investigate the impact of traditional cultivation substrate alternatives and new mixed substrates on potato pre-basic seed production,a split-plot experiment was conducted in Dingxi City in 2023.The experiment focused on potato varieties as the main plots with two cultivars:‘Longshu No.7’(V1)and‘Jizhangshu No.12’(V2).The sub-plots involved 11 different cultivation substrates created by mixing codonopsis stem,peat soil,vermiculite,and coco peat in various volume ratios:T1(20%Codonopsis+50%peat soil+30%vermiculite),T2(30%Codonopsis+40%peat soil+30%vermiculite),T3(50%Codonopsis+20%peat soil+30%vermiculite),T4(70%Codonopsis+30%vermiculite),T5(100%Codonopsis),T6(20%Codonopsis+40%peat soil+40%coco peat),T7(30%Codonopsis+30%peat soil+40%coco peat),T8(50%Codonopsis+10%peat soil+40%coco peat),T9(60%Codonopsis+40%coco peat),CK1(100%vermiculite),and CK2(100%coco peat).The study examined the effects of these different cultivation substrates on the growth,yield,and economic benefits of potato pre-basic seed production.The results showed that when Codonopsis stem was mixed with peat soil,vermiculite,or coco peat,the survival rates of virus-free seedlings for‘Longshu No.7’and‘Jizhangshu No.12’ranged from 33.30%to 100.00%and 63.48%to 100.00%respectively.The mix of 20%Codonopsis,50%peat soil,and 30%vermiculite(T1)provided the optimal conditions for‘Longshu No.7’,achieving the highest total yield,total output,economic benefit,and input-output ratio.Specifically,the total yield,total output,economic benefit,and input-output ratio were 5650.98 kg·hm^(-2),2.4954 million CNY·hm^(-2),1.6538 million CNY·hm^(-2),and 2.97 respectively.Compared to CK1,these values increased by 81.04%,60.57%,110.27%,and 47.03%.When compared to CK2,they increased by 74.49%,41.89%,75.73%,and 38.14%.For‘Jizhangshu No.12’,the total yield,total output,economic benefit,and input-output ratio were 3950.06 kg·hm^(-2),1.8032 million CNY·hm^(-2),0.9616 million CNY·hm^(-2),and 2.14 respectively.Compared to CK1,these values increased by

关 键 词：党参秸秆 混配基质 马铃薯 原原种 产量 经济效益 

分 类 号：S317[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S532[农业科学—农艺学]