城市三维地图综合表达研究——以深圳市为例  

Comprehensive expression of urban 3D maps:A case study of Shenzhen

作　　者：卞宇辰 杨盈 任福[1,3,4] 王怡开 刘江涛 田沁 柯鉴 BIAN Yuchen;YANG Ying;REN Fu;WANG Yikai;LIU Jiangtao;TIAN Qin;KE Jian(School of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430079,China;Shenzhen Data Management Center of Planning and Natural Resource,Shenzhen 518034,China;Key Laboratory of Geographic Information System,Ministry of Education,Wuhan 430079,China;Key Laboratory of Digital Cartography and Land Information Application,Ministry of Natural Resources,Wuhan 430079,China;Guangzhou Urban Planning&Design Survey Research Institute,Guangzhou 510060,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学资源与环境科学学院,武汉430079 [2]深圳市规划和自然资源数据管理中心,深圳518304 [3]地理信息系统教育部重点实验室,武汉430079 [4]自然资源部数字制图与国土信息应用重点实验室,武汉430079 [5]广州市城市规划勘测设计研究院,广州510060

出　　处：《时空信息学报》2024年第3期444-454,共11页JOURNAL OF SPATIO-TEMPORAL INFORMATION

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42071448)。

摘　　要：三维地图综合表达是当前时空信息可视化的重要工作之一。现有相关研究缺乏适用于各类型应用场景的通用设计方法;且相较于二维,三维地图表达结构更为复杂,需要表达的空间信息与属性信息更加丰富,导致信息载负量增大,从而在一定程度上制约了三维地图的应用广度与深度。本文首先分析城市三维场景中的信息载负,对城市场景进行解构,引出三维地图的概念并分析其场景—类型—内容的关系,归纳场景中的城市地理要素;其次,从视觉变量、地图符号和设计框架三方面对三维地图常用表达方法进行分析,基于三维视觉变量理论设计三维符号,构建从视觉变量输入到三维符号输出全过程的综合表达方法;最后,以深圳市为例进行比较分析。结果表明:与已有成果相比,在数据体量大大增加的情况下,三维地图量减少了87%,渲染速度提高了约90%。本文方法在同等信息负载的情况下有效减少了符号的复杂程度,优化了三维符号的抽象程度,提高了三维地图的表达效果,这说明具有可行性。3D map design is a crucial task in the construction of spatio-temporal information visualization.The design of 3D map symbols is a key research direction within this field.At present,the design of 3D map symbols lacks a general design method that can adapt to various types of application scenarios.Compared to graphic symbols in traditional 2D maps,3D map symbols are more complex and need to be express various types of spatial information and attribute information.This complexity restricts the breadth and depth of the applications for 3D maps.To address these issues,this paper proposes a 3D symbol design method based on the theory of visual variables within the framework of application scenarios.This goal is to improve the information transmission efficiency of 3D map symbols and improve the expression effects of 3D maps.This paper first analyzes the information load in the 3D urban scene and explores how to express geographic information in urban scenes with relatively complex business relationships.It introduces the concept of 3D maps,analyzes their“scene-type-content”relationships,and summarizes the urban geographic elements within these scenes.Secondly,it explains the design method of 3D maps from three aspects:visual variables,map symbols,and design frameworks.Based on the theory of 3D visual variables,3D map symbols designed with different geometric features are designed.A comprehensive design framework is proposed,encompassing the entire process from visual variable input to 3D symbol output,to meet the information expression requirements of 3D maps.Finally,using Shenzhen City as a case study,this paper analyzes its 3D data status and cartographic requirements.The proposed 3D symbol design framework is applied to the design of an interactive 3D map instance,which supports the selection of multi-scale elements and multi-style map style switching.This approach meets the cartographic requirements of 3D maps across various application scenarios,improving both the expression effect of 3D maps and the informa

关 键 词：三维地图 三维场景 信息载负 符号设计 视觉变量 

分 类 号：P283.1[天文地球—地图制图学与地理信息工程]