生物体内微/纳米塑料的定量分析方法  

Quantitative Analysis Methods for Micro/Nano-plastics in Biological Organisms:a Review

作　　者：沈佳琦 张智勇[1] SHEN Jiaqi;ZHANG Zhiyong(Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials Nanosafety,Institute of High Energy Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院高能物理研究所纳米生物效应与安全性重点实验室,北京100049

出　　处：《中国无机分析化学》2024年第8期1177-1187,共11页Chinese Journal of Inorganic Analytical Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(12075262,11875267)。

摘　　要：微纳米塑料作为一种新型污染物,在环境中广泛存在,并可通过饮食、呼吸、皮肤接触以及医疗注射等途径进入人体,对生态环境和人类健康构成潜在的威胁。为研究其进入生物体后的转运、蓄积及清除过程,需要建立相应的高灵敏度、高准确度、高特异性的生物介质中微纳米塑料定量分析方法。然而,由于微纳米塑料组成元素与生物体相近,传统的分析方法在准确定量生物体内微纳米塑料方面遇到挑战。目前发展的方法可分为两类,一类是针对微纳米塑料化学成分进行分析,包括傅里叶变换红外光谱、拉曼光谱和热裂解气相色谱质谱技术;另一类针对微纳米塑料内部或表面标记的荧光基团、放射性同位素或掺杂的金属元素的分析方法,包括荧光分析、核探测技术及电感耦合等离子体质谱技术等。对这些定量分析方法的优缺点进行比了较,并针对存在的问题和局限,提出了可能的解决方案。As emerging contaminants,micro/nano-plastics have been widely existed in the environment and can enter the human body through diet,respiration,skin contact and medical injections,posing a potential threat to the ecological environment and human health.It is necessary to establish quantitative analysis methods with high sensitivity,accuracy and specificity for micro-and nano-plastics to investigate their transport,accumulation and clearance in organisms.However,conventional analysis methods face challenges in accurately quantifying micro/nano-plastics in vivo due to the similarity of their constituent elements with organisms.Currently developed methods can be divided into two categories:one is to analyze the chemical composition of micro/nano-plastics,including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy and pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,and the other involves fluorescence analysis,nuclear detection technology and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry technology for analyzing fluorescent groups,radioisotopes and metal elements marked inside or on the surface of micro/nano-plastics.This review evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of these methods for quantitative analysis of micro/nano-plastics in organisms and proposes possible solutions to the existing problems and limitations.

关 键 词：生物体 微纳米塑料 定量方法 新型污染物 

分 类 号：O657.3[理学—分析化学] X171.5[理学—化学] X830.2[环境科学与工程—环境科学]