洗钱罪目的犯属性证成与司法认定  

Argumentation on and Judicial Determination of the Attribute of the Purpose Crime of Money Laundering

作　　者：时方 Shi Fang

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学刑事司法学院

出　　处：《环球法律评论》2024年第4期157-175,共19页Global Law Review

基　　金：2023年度中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助中国政法大学科研创新项目“互联网新型金融犯罪刑法规制研究”(23ZFG82003)的研究成果。

摘　　要：洗钱罪是否属于目的犯在理论与司法实践中均存在较大争议,该问题的表层争议在于目的犯二元与一元概念内涵与外延的分歧,其本质在于判断“为掩饰、隐瞒”犯罪目的对于洗钱罪限缩适用的影响。洗钱罪是直接目的犯,犯罪目的属于故意的意志要素,对于行为法益侵害性以及行为人主观罪责都产生影响,不具有“为掩饰、隐瞒”目的的资金转账、提供账户等行为不具有法规范评价意义上的法益侵害性,不应作为洗钱罪认定。洗钱罪掩饰、隐瞒犯罪所得的前提是已经取得特定犯罪所得及其收益,进而帮助掩饰、隐瞒的行为才构成洗钱,如果提供资金账户是为了收取特定犯罪所得,只应当评价为上游犯罪的组成部分,不应评价为洗钱行为。通过对“为掩饰、隐瞒”主观目的的规范认定,可以为洗钱罪司法限缩适用进行路径纠偏。Currently there is a great controversy in theory and judicial practice about whether the crime of money laundering belongs to the crime of purpose.On the surface,it is a dispute over the difference between the dualism and monism of the connotation and extension of the concept of the crime of purpose.But in essence,it is a dispute over the judgment of the influence of the criminal purpose of"covering up and concealing"on the restrictive application of the crime of money laundering.The crime of money laundering is a direct-purpose crime,and in the direct purpose crime,the specific purpose is a component of the will factor in the intention of the crime.In the incompletely two-conduct crime(crime of indirect intent),intent is only the understanding and hope of the first conduct,and the specific purpose is relative to the second conduct.Only by relying on the second conduct can the criminal purpose be achieved.However,there are similarities between direct purpose crime and incompletely two-conduct crime in the purpose attribute,that is,the function of determining the infringement on legal interests and subjective guilt.As a normative concept,money laundering is not equivalent to the transfer of criminal proceeds.The determination of the crime of money laundering not only requires the perpetrator to have the actual understanding and will for the transfer and conversion of specific upstream criminal proceeds,but more importantly,also to have the understanding and will to endanger the national financial order.If the perpetrator realizes that the money involved is a specific upstream criminal income and intentionally carries out the transfer and conversion,but his subjective purpose is not laundering,then the intentional will factor of the crime of money laundering cannot be completed and,because of the absence of a specific purpose,the perpetrator's act does not constitute the crime of money laundering.Therefore,conducts such as fund transfer and providing accounts not for the purpose of"covering up and concealing"do not

关 键 词：洗钱罪 目的犯 犯罪目的 “为掩饰、隐瞒犯罪所得”目的 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]