生态系统突变及其在寒旱区生态系统管理中的应用展望  

Ecosystem regime shifts and its application prospects to ecosystem management in cold and arid regions

作　　者：王宇昕 赵文智 刘鹄 WANG Yuxin;ZHAO Wenzhi;LIU Hu(Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences/Linze Inland River Basin Research Station,Chinese Ecosystem Research Network,Lanzhou 730000,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院/中国生态系统研究网络临泽内陆河流域研究站,兰州730000 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2024年第7期1997-2005,共9页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(42230720);甘肃省科技计划重大项目(21ZD4FA020)资助。

摘　　要：生态系统突变是指生态系统在受到超过临界值的干扰后,系统由一种状态急剧变为另一种状态的过程。尽管寒旱区常见的土地沙漠化、草地退化属于渐变过程,但当干扰持续时间或干扰强度超过一定阈值时也可能发生突变。研究生态系统突变对寒旱区生态系统管理具有重要意义。本文综述了生态系统突变的内涵演变及预警研究的进展,分析了寒旱区常见的土地沙漠化和草地退化的问题,阐明了系统状态对不同胁迫的多种响应方式,提出了针对干旱荒漠区雨养人工固沙系统和高寒草甸演变过程及突变特点的研究框架。最后指出,未来需要甄别生态系统突变不同阶段的关键驱动因素,并确定相应阈值;重视极端气候事件诱发的水分限制型突变的发生机制和预警;推动突变研究成果在寒旱区生态系统管理中的应用。Ecosystem regime shifts refer to the drastically changes of an ecosystem from one state to another after suffering disturbances that exceed the thresholds.Although land desertification and grassland degradation,which are common in the cold and arid regions,are gradual processes,sudden changes can also occur when the duration or intensity of disturbances exceed the thresholds.Therefore,the study of ecosystem regime shifts is of great significance to the management of ecosystems in cold and arid regions.In this review,we summarized the evolution of ecosystem regime shift theory and early warning signals,and analyzed the problems of land desertification and grassland degradation in cold and arid regions,as well as potential responses of ecosystems to different stresses.We further put forward research frameworks for the evolution and mutation characteristics of the rain-fed artificial sand fixation system and alpine meadows.The future research needed to be strengthened in identifying the key drivers of ecosystem regime shifts at different stages,determining the corresponding thresholds,emphasizing the mechanism of water-limited mutation induced by extreme climatic events and its early warning,and promoting the application of regime shift research to ecosystem management in arid and arid regions.

关 键 词：生态系统突变 土地沙漠化 草地退化 人工固沙系统 嵩草高寒草甸 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]