写作的黑魔法——霍桑《手稿中的魔鬼》与《羽顶》中的哥特讽刺  

Writing as Black Magic:Hawthorne's Gothic Irony in"The Devil in Manuscript"and"Feathertop"

作　　者：李宛霖[1] LI Wanlin

机构地区：[1]北京大学外国语学院英语系

出　　处：《国外文学》2024年第2期86-96,共11页Foreign Literatures

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“19世纪美国哥特文学与杂志文学市场研究”(项目编号:18CWW016)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：与“蝴蝶”、“星辰”等超验或浪漫主义隐喻相比,霍桑为写作所作的哥特主义隐喻——黑魔法——受到的关注相对较少,但黑魔法这一隐喻更加重要,因为它自身的讽刺性凸显了写作在职业化环境下复杂的一面,因此更能反映霍桑对市场化背景下的文学创作,尤其是哥特风盛行的短篇小说创作,强烈的矛盾心理。本文从19世纪30至50年代短篇小说发表的杂志市场环境出发,以分别处在霍桑短篇小说生涯头尾的两篇作品《手稿中的魔鬼》和《羽顶》为线索,揭示从黑魔法的暗喻中折射出的霍桑对杂志短篇创作的讽刺态度。了解这一态度对于我们认识作品以及霍桑后期的职业选择都有重要意义。In comparison with his transcendentalist or romanticist metaphors,namely,writing as the"flight of the butterfly"or as"stars at twilight",Hawthorne's gothic metaphor for writing,namely,writing as black magic,has received less critical attention.This,however,does not change the fact that black magic is a more important metaphor,with an inbuilt irony that reveals the complexity of writing in an era of professionalization,and in doing so,demonstrates Hawthorne's strong ambivalence towards the commercialization of writing,particularly short-story writing where Gothicism runs amok.Using"The Devil in Manuscript"and"Feathertop",created respectively at the beginning and end of Hawthorne's short-story career,this article examines the author's ironic attitude towards magazine stories as conveyed through his black-magic metaphor,in light of the American periodical culture between 1830 and 1850.A proper knowledge of Hawthorne's irony allows us to achieve a better understanding of both the works in question and the author's later career choices,particularly his decision to give up short-story writing altogether in the early 1850s.

关 键 词：写作 黑魔法 《手稿中的魔鬼》 《羽顶》 讽刺 

分 类 号：I712.074[文学—其他各国文学]