现代性语境中的算法风险与自主能动性  

Algorithmic Risk and Autonomous Agency in the Context of Modernity

作　　者：黄素珍 HUANG Su-zhen(College of Philosophy,Law&Political Science,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234,China)

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学哲学与法政学院,上海200234

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2024年第6期16-23,共8页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“当代中国道德观念史与道德实践史研究”(20&ZD038);上海市哲学社会科学一般课题“人工智能时代算法正义与伦理风险多元决策机制研究”(2022BZX004)。

摘　　要：高度复杂的全球化与逆全球化浪潮相互交织,形成了我们必须面对和应对的实际性;这种实际性以敞开的方式把价值提供给人类,也以隐蔽的形式把风险和代价抛给我们。从工业主义时代到当今智能化时代,新兴技术给予现代风险以变革性的传播力度和范围,自然风险让位于人为风险,单个本土性的风险极易演变成全球范围内不可控的叠加风险。随着当今算法技术越来越深入地渗透到个体日常生活和社会治理领域,出现了一种新型的算法风险和垄断性的算法权力,它危及个体的自主能动性、身份认同乃至集体行动的实践能力。由贝克和吉登斯发展起来的“风险”和“风险社会”概念并不是纯粹价值中立的描述性词项,而是隐含了一个规范性预设:支配风险分布和分配的权力结构对个体和集体的自主能动性带来不应得的伤害。一方面,我们可以借鉴贝克—吉登斯的风险社会框架去理解算法风险的性质;另一方面,我们也需要突破这一框架,在自主能动性的规范性层面为理解和范导算法风险和算法权力提供一个可证成的伦理批判。The highly complex trends of globalization and the anti-globalization are intertwined to form the reality we must face and deal with;it gives value to humankind in an open way,but also throws risks and costs to us in a hidden form.From the Industrialism Age to the Intelligent Age,modern risks have been given a transformative spreading strength and scope,natural risks have given way to artificial risks,and a single local risk can be evolved into uncontrollable risks on a global scale.As the algorithmic technology penetrates increasingly deeply into individual's daily life and the social public sphere,a new type of algorithmic risks and a kind of monopoly algorithmic power have emerged,endangering individual autonomy,senses of identity and the practical ability of collective action.The notions of “risk” and “risk society” developed by Beck and Giddens are not barely value-neutral descriptive terms,but imply a normative presupposition:the harm of the power structure of risk distribution and allotment to individual and collective autonomy.On the one hand,from Baker-Giddens' s classic conceptual framework of risk society,we can grasp the nature of algorithmic risk;on the other hand,we also need to break through this framework to provide a justified ethical critique for understanding and regulating algorithmic risk and algorithmic power at the normative level of autonomous agency.

关 键 词：风险社会 算法风险 算法权力 自主能动性 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]