税收优惠、多元化经营与集团公司避税  

Tax Incentives,Diversification and Group Company Tax Avoidance

作　　者：赵仁杰 周小昶[3] 张文文 ZHAO Renjie;ZHOU Xiaochang;ZHANG Wenwen(School of Economics & Management, Northwest University;School of Public Finance and Taxation, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law;Business School, Hubei University of Economics)

机构地区：[1]西北大学中国西部经济发展研究院 [2]西北大学经济管理学院 [3]中南财经政法大学财政税务学院 [4]湖北经济学院工商管理学院 [5]中南财经政法大学经济学院

出　　处：《数量经济技术经济研究》2024年第8期93-112,共20页Journal of Quantitative & Technological Economics

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(20JZD005);国家自然科学基金青年项目(72203167);陕西高校青年创新团队项目;西北大学仲英青年学者项目的资助。

摘　　要：税收优惠是实行宏观调控和推动现代化产业体系建设的重要政策工具,但也带来了行业间税率差异,为集团公司通过涉足低税率行业实施利润转移与避税提供了条件,造成税收政策扭曲。本文基于2008年实施的农业企业所得税优惠政策,根据2005~2015年的上市公司及其子公司数据研究发现:针对农业的税收优惠会显著增加非农行业集团公司的涉农经营和避税行为,非农行业母公司中农业子公司占比增加10%,母公司和集团公司实际税率分别下降0.86%和1.71%,涉农经营显著提升了非农企业的避税程度。异质性分析显示,这一效应主要体现在融资约束较大、政府税收征管较弱以及市场关注度较低的企业中。机制检验表明,非农业母公司会通过关联交易将利润转移给农业类子公司,降低母公司利润,导致农业子公司利润率与其他子公司相比显著提高,且主要渠道是关联购买。本文不仅从行业税收优惠角度完善了关于集团企业避税行为的研究,也为理解产业政策的效果和企业多元化经营动机提供了新的视角,对完善税收优惠和转变产业政策实施思路具有借鉴意义。Industrial policies have played an important role in promoting the development of China's emerging industries and catching up with backward industries.As a basic industry affecting the national economy and people's livelihood,agriculture has always been a key area of industrial policy implementation.Since the reform and opening up,the government has continuously strengthened its industrial policy support for agriculture.Especially in 2008,The new Enterprise Income Tax Law implemented that enterprises engaged in agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry and fishing projects are exempt from or halved the enterprise income tax,including the cultivation of vegetables,grains,fruits and Chinese medicinal herbs,forest cultivation,poultry and livestock raising,and primary processing of agricultural products.Items such as agricultural machinery operations and maintenance are exempt from taxes,and items such as the cultivation of beverage crops and spice crops,mariculture and inland farming are halved.This policy not only expanded the scope of application of preferential tax policies for agriculture-related operations,but also significantly reduced the applicable tax rates for agricultural production enterprises,decreasing the tax burden on a large number of agricultural enterprises.Under the guidance of agriculture-related industrial policies,agricultural production have been significantly improved.However,there is information asymmetry between the government and the market,resulting in that the government cannot accurately identify the enterprises.This issue really needs support by means of“one-size-fits-all”industrial policies,and inevitably leads to the adverse selection behavior of enterprises using preferential policies to manipulate operation.In particular,tax incentives for agricultural operations have led to significant differences in tax rates among different peers,which provides opportunities for group companies to avoid taxes by engaging in the agricultural sector.In addition,the application conditions of this

关 键 词：税收优惠 产业政策 多元化经营 企业避税 

分 类 号：F272.3[经济管理—企业管理]