基础教育信息化投入与教育公平——来自农村远程义务教育工程的证据  

Public Investment in Basic Education Informatization and Equity of Education:Evidence from Rural Distance Compulsory Education Project

作　　者：蔡伟贤[1] 朱迪 刘梦雅 CAI Weixian;ZHU Di;LIU Mengya(School of Economics,Xiamen University)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学经济学院

出　　处：《数量经济技术经济研究》2024年第8期154-174,共21页Journal of Quantitative & Technological Economics

基　　金：厦门大学校长基金中国式现代化研究专项项目(20720231048)。

摘　　要：农村基础教育信息化投入对促进城乡优质教育资源共享、推动教育公平具有重要意义。本文使用2015年全国1%人口抽样调查数据,从城乡教育差距和农村内部教育代际流动两个角度切入,探究了“农村中小学现代远程教育工程试点工作”专项投入对于教育公平的影响。结果表明:该专项生均投入每增加百元会使城乡教育差距缩小约12.80%,但在一定程度上会降低农村内部的相对教育代际流动,表现为子代与父代教育排序的相关程度提高约9.52%。为探究该差异性结果的形成原因,本文结合公共教育投入对人力资本积累和代际流动影响的理论模型推论进行机制分析,发现该专项投入整体上促进了农村个体的人力资本积累,但家庭教育背景更好的群体受益更多,该受益格局的形成主要源于项目实施方式带来的农村地区教育质量提升的非均衡性。异质性分析表明,女性、家庭经济背景更好的子代从该政策中受益更多,而地方教育投入偏好和项目投入的管理激励会影响政策效应的充分释放。据此,本文提出在继续推进农村远程义务教育发展的同时,应更为注重项目投入的合理分配,同时需要以更为完善的监督体制促进教育信息化投入均衡效应的充分释放。Educational equity plays a crucial role in promoting overall social equity.Currently,China's uneven development of education quality,particularly the basic education,remains a significant issue with a substantial urban-rural gap in resources and solidified intergenerational educational transmission.Addressing how to enhance rural basic education quality,narrow the urban-rural education gap,and facilitate intergenerational educational mobility to ensure early access to educational equity for children from rural families is imperative.The “Rural Distance Compulsory Education Project” utilizes information technology to deliver high-quality educational resources to rural schools,fostering resource sharing between urban and rural areas while enhancing the quality of rural education and teacher proficiency.Assessing whether this project truly promotes educational equity holds great significance for refining relevant policies amidst digital informatization trends.Drawing on the data from population mini-census for China in 2015,this study examines the impact of special investments of this rural distance project on educational equity by analyzing the urban-rural education gap and intra-rural intergenerational mobility of education.Findings indicate that every 100yuan increase in per-student investment narrows the urban-rural education gap by approximately 12.80%and reduces relative intergenerational mobility within rural areas as evidenced by a 9.52% increase in correlation between parental and child education rankings within these regions.In order to explore the causes of these results,we combine with the theoretical model inference of the impact of public education input on human capital accumulation and intergenerational mobility to conduct mechanism analysis,and find that the education input promotes the accumulation of human capital of rural individuals on the whole,but the group with better family education background benefit more.The formation of the benefit pattern mainly stems from the uneven improvement of

关 键 词：农村远程义务教育 城乡教育差距 教育代际流动 公共教育投入 

分 类 号：F812[经济管理—财政学]