能源转型的人力资本增进效应——基于农村电气化的研究  

Human Capital Enhancement Effect of Energy Transition:Analysis Based on the Chinese Rural Electrification

作　　者：焦银亿 JIAO Yinyi(The Center for Economic Research, Shandong University)

机构地区：[1]山东大学经济研究院

出　　处：《数量经济技术经济研究》2024年第8期197-216,共20页Journal of Quantitative & Technological Economics

摘　　要：本文以20世纪80年代实施的农村水电初级电气化项目为能源供给冲击,采用队列DID策略检验了传统能源向清洁电力转型对农村人力资本的长期影响。研究发现,学龄前儿童接触农村电气化项目能够增进其青少年时期的人力资本,使其受教育年限提高0.17年,同时使初中入学率和高中入学率分别提高2.2%和3.4%。机制分析表明,农村电气化通过收入创造克服了“能源阶梯”难题,从而实现了可持续的能源清洁转型,同时也为改善地区和家庭内部的教育环境提供了可能。此外,该项目通过替代家庭传统能源,改善了个体健康状况。本研究揭示了清洁电力使用与人力资本增进之间的关系,为推动新时期的农村能源清洁转型,加快农业农村现代化提供了学术支撑。Learning and applying the experience of “The Green Rural Revival Program”,accelerating the clean transformation of rural energy is an important part of strengthening the construction of rural public infrastructure and steadily promoting the improvement of rural living environment,and is also an inevitable requirement for comprehensively promoting rural revitalization and accelerating the modernization of agriculture and rural areas.However,the WHO estimates that more than 3 billion people around the world still rely on solid fuels such as wood,dung and charcoal for cooking.The widespread energy ladder between energy consumption and income keeps poorer people using more harmful fuels.Indoor air pollution from incomplete combustion of these fuels in furnaces is considered an important contributor to respiratory diseases and cardiovascular diseases.Therefore,promoting the clean energy transition of rural households in low and middle-income countries,including China,has received extensive attention from the government and academia.From the perspective of the policy practice of energy transition,it mainly includes the replacement of clean stoves and the use of clean energy.However,the international evidence on these two types of energy transition strategies is not consistent.In particular,little literature has focused on the long-term impact of clean energy alternatives on rural human capital.This paper uses the Rural Hydropower Primary Electrification Program,which was gradually implemented in rural China in the 1980s and 1990s,to study its impact on rural human capital.China's rural electrification project is different from the practice of other countries in two aspects:first,the project runs through the whole process of rural energy substitution from three aspects:energy supply(small hydropower construction),transmission(power grid construction) and application(index assessment).Second,under the leadership of the central government,it emphasizes the endogeneity of rural energy transformation and local initiativ

关 键 词：农村电气化 能源转型 教育结果 居民健康 

分 类 号：F812.45[经济管理—财政学]