土壤蒸发影响因素及抑制途径研究综述  

A review of the factors affecting soil evaporation and its inhibition methods

作　　者：祝晨佳 高吉喜 ZHU Chenjia;GAO Jixi(Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science,Beijing 100012,China;Ministry of Ecology and Environment Center for Satellite Application on Ecology and Environment,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012 [2]生态环境部卫星环境应用中心,北京100094

出　　处：《环境保护科学》2024年第4期19-26,共8页Environmental Protection Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助(2021YFB3901102)。

摘　　要：基于文献计量分析,综合了气象因素以及土壤本身性质对土壤蒸发的影响,并归纳提出了有效抑制土壤蒸发的途径。结果表明:土壤蒸发量与大气温度、降雨量、辐射量、风速、饱和水汽压差、土壤颜色深度和土壤含水率呈正相关,与大气湿度、干土层厚度、土壤含砂量、土壤含盐量、土壤有机质含量呈负相关。土壤蒸发与地上作物种植方式、叶面积指数和地上生物量等也有密切关联。土壤蒸发的抑制途径主要有覆盖、耕作、施用土壤改良剂、合理灌溉和建构绿洲农田防护林系统等。掌握影响土壤蒸发的因素及其抑制途径,可帮助人们变消极防治为积极保墒,从而减少土壤水分的无效损失,提高水资源利用效率。Based on bibliometric analysis,the effects of meteorological factors and soil properties on soil evaporation were synthesized,and the effective ways of inhibiting soil evaporation were summarized.The results showed that soil evaporation was positively correlated with atmospheric temperature,rainfall,radiation,wind speed,saturated pressure difference,soil color and soil moisture content,but negatively correlated with atmospheric moisture,dry soil thickness,soil sand content,soil salt content and soil organic matter content.Soil evaporation was closely related to above-ground crop planting patterns,leaf area index and aboveground biomass.The main ways to suppress soil evaporation were mulching,tillage,application of soil conditioner,rational irrigation and construction of oasis farmland shelter forest system.Understanding the factors affecting soil evaporation and the ways of its inhibition could help people to change from negative control to active soil moisture conservation,so as to minimize the ineffective loss of soil water and improve the efficiency of water resources utilization.

关 键 词：蒸发 土壤蒸发 土壤含水量 土壤水分动态 蒸发抑制 

分 类 号：X22[环境科学与工程—环境科学] S152.73[农业科学—土壤学]