辽宁庄河滨海湿地米草属植物分子鉴定及生态研究  

Molecular identification and ecological study of Spartina in Zhuanghe coastal wetland,Liaoning

作　　者：刘子成 刘畅 施巍 曲翊 娄英斌 马骏 石文静 陈明[2] LIU Zicheng;LIU Chang;SHI Wei;QU Yi;LOU Yingbin;MA Jun;SHI Wenjing;CHEN Ming(Dalian Environmental Monitoring Center,Dalian 116023,China;Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences,Shenyang 110167,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省大连生态环境监测中心,大连116023 [2]沈阳环境科学研究院,沈阳110017

出　　处：《环境保护科学》2024年第4期151-156,共6页Environmental Protection Science

摘　　要：米草(Spartina)是我国滨海湿地入侵植物,辽宁庄河滨海湿地的米草属植物定种存在争议,对其鉴定和监测有重要生态意义。2021年9月至2022年9月,经遥感解译结合地面调查,分别在庄河、英那河、湖里河入海口发现米草种群,随机采集18株米草样本进行分子鉴定。结果表明:辽宁庄河滨海湿地有大米草(Spartina anglica)分布,尚未发现互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)分布,大米草对生态的影响低于互花米草,已经生长40余年,未见其对辽宁生态产生影响的研究、报道;2021—2022年,辽宁庄河滨海湿地大米草增长率为1.25%;湖里河入海口大米草面积为辽宁庄河滨海湿地大米草总面积的83.2%;大米草与碱蓬(Suaeda)分布区域重叠,面积约为碱蓬面积的0.87%,碱蓬在大米草生长区域,仍可以发挥其自身的生态功能,大米草可以利用光滩,填补了光滩高等植物的生态位空缺。建议当地生态环境管理部门予以重视,持续开展大米草遥感动态监测,在综合考虑扩散趋势和生态功能等因素的基础上,制定合理的管控和利用方案。Spartina is an invasive plant in coastal wetlands in China.There is a dispute about the species identification of Spartina in Zhuanghe coastal wetland,Liaoning,which has important ecological significance for its identification and monitoring.From September 2021 to September 2022,through remote sensing interpretation and ground investigation,Spartina populations were found at the estuaries of Zhuanghe,Yingna,and Huli rivers,and 18 Spartina samples were randomly collected for molecular identification.The research results showed that Spartina anglica was distributed in the coastal wetland of Zhuanghe,Liaoning,but Spartina alterniflora had not been found.The ecological impact of Spartina anglica was lower than that of Spartina alterniflora,which had been growing for more than 40 years,and there was no research or report on its impact on the ecology of Liaoning.From 2021 to 2022,the growth rate of Spartina anglica in Liaoning Zhuanghe coastal wetland will be 1.25%.The area of Spartina anglica at the estuary of Huli River was 83.2%of the total area of Spartina anglica in Zhuanghe coastal wetland,Liaoning.The distribution area of Spartina anglica and Suaeda overlaps,with an area of about 0.87%of that of Suaeda.Suaeda could still play its own ecological function in the growth area of Spartina anglica,and Spartina anglica could use the bare mudflat to fill the Ecological niche gap of higher plants.It is suggested that the local ecological environment management department should pay attention to it,continue to carry out remote sensing dynamic monitoring of Spartina anglica,and develop a reasonable control and utilization plan on the basis of comprehensive consideration of diffusion trend and ecological function.

关 键 词：大米草 互花米草 入侵植物 滨海湿地 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学] X176[环境科学与工程—环境科学]