以要素流通为导向的数据权利理论及规范架构  

A Data Rights Theory and Regulatory Framework Oriented towards Data Element Circulation

作　　者：鲍坤 BAO Kun(School of Artificial Intelligence and Law,Shanghai University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 201701,China;Postdoctoral Mobile Station,East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 200042,China)

机构地区：[1]上海政法学院人工智能法学院,上海201701 [2]华东政法大学博士后流动站,上海200042

出　　处：《上海大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第4期34-54,共21页Journal of Shanghai University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：2023年度上海市哲学社会科学规划课题(2023EFX011)。

摘　　要：构建能够适应数据要素市场发展需求的数据权利理论基础和制度规范势在必行。以国内外文献为基础的数据权利知识图谱呈现出数据治理技术与权利规范相融合的趋势,数据权利“关系理论”内核更能适应数据要素市场的激励性、合作性特征。关系型权利具有自创生性,权利的内容必然有一部分掌握在事实层面的关系主体之间,因此,有必要考量数据被实际控制者占有的事实状态,避免控制者总是获益的“丛林法则”,将权利中的一部分内容以分权配置的实体制度模式向市场进行开放,达成制度促进数据要素流通的“锚定效应”。更需要以体系化的程序规范,为市场自发承认的权利内容预留空间,解决实体配置制度难以触及的“剩余控制权”问题,其中包括以权利主体的商谈、数据要素对象的指涉、数据权利的价值实现、数据权利的风险影响、技术标准的软法规范等程序要素来形成数据要素市场的自发权利承认机制,促成数据要素流通的良性权利规范生态。It is imperative to construct a theoretical foundation and regulatory framework for data rights that meets the developmental requirements of the data factor market.According to domestic and international literature,the knowledge graph of data rights reveals a trend of integration between data governance technologies and rights regulations.The essence of the“relational theory”of data rights is more suited to the incentivizing and cooperative traits of the data element market.Given that relational rights are inherently selfgenerative and the content of rights is necessarily held within the factual relationships of the subjects involved,it is essential to consider the actual state of control over data,avoid the“law of the jungle”where controllers always gain benefits,and open up part of the rights content to the market through a decentralized allocation entity system model.This approach aims to achieve the“anchoring effect”of facilitating data element circulation through institutional regulation.Still more importantly,a systematic procedural framework is needed to reserve space for the self-recognized rights content of the market and address issues of“residual control rights”that entity allocation systems may not reach.Among other things,it is essential to form a self-recognition rights mechanism for the data element market through procedural elements such as the negotiation of rights subjects,reference to data elements,realization of data rights value,impact of data rights risks,and the soft law norms of technical standards,so as to foster a sound regulatory ecosystem for the circulation of data elements.

关 键 词：数据权利 生产要素 权利理论 程序规范 技术标准 

分 类 号：D922.29[政治法律—经济法学]