生物质炭和有机肥配施对苹果重茬育苗地土壤理化性质和微生物群落特征的影响  

Effects of Combined Application of Biochar and Organic Fertilizer on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Microbial Community Characteristics in Apple Recropping Field

作　　者：张继东[1] 张亚雄 程伟[1] 蒲莉[1] 柳路行[1] 王亚明 ZHANG Jidong;ZHANG Yaxiong;CHENG Wei;PU Li;LIU Luhang;WANG Yaming(Gansu Vocational and Technical College of Forestry,Gansu Tianshui 741020,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃林业职业技术学院,甘肃天水741020

出　　处：《中国农业科技导报》2024年第8期213-222,共10页Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：甘肃省科技厅技术创新引导计划项目(23CXNE0012)。

摘　　要：为研究生物质炭和有机肥配施对连作苹果育苗地的改良效果,以连作5年的苹果育苗地为研究对象,采用高通量测序技术结合土壤理化性质分析,探究不同配比生物质炭和有机肥配施对苹果根际土壤理化性质和微生物群落结构的影响。结果表明,生物质炭和有机肥配施处理后土壤中养分含量显著增加,土壤pH和电导率显著上升。其中以600kg·hm^(-2)生物质炭配施有机肥处理土壤的速效养分含量显著增加,其土壤全氮、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾和有机碳含量分别显著增加15.06%、27.03%、61.32%、51.55%和20.18%。此外,生物质炭和有机肥处理提高了土壤中细菌群落的多样性和丰度,降低了真菌群落的多样性和丰度,使土壤中有益菌属的丰度显著增加。相关性分析表明,土壤有机碳、速效钾和碱解氮含量对土壤中细菌群落特征影响显著;而真菌群落特征主要受土壤全氮、有机碳和速效钾含量的影响。综上,生物质炭和有机肥配施对苹果育苗地连作障碍具有一定的缓解作用,可改善土壤的微环境,提高土壤质量。In order to investigate the effect of biomass charcoal and organic fertilizer on the improvement of continuous apple nursery land,the effects of different ratios of biomass charcoal and organic fertilizer on the physicochemical properties and microbial community structure of apple inter-root soils were investigated using high-throughput sequencing technology combined with soil physicochemical property analysis,using apple nursery land with 5 years of continuous cultivation.The results showed that the nutrient content of the soil increased significantly,and the pH and conductivity of soil increased significantly after the application of biomass charcoal and organic fertilizer.The quick-acting nutrient content of soil with 600 kg·hm^(-2) of biomass charcoal increased significantly,and the contents of soil total nitrogen,alkaline nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium and organic carbon increased by 15.06%,27.03%,61.32%,51.55%and 20.18%,respectively.In addition,biomass charcoal and organic fertilizer treatments increased the diversity and abundance of bacterial communities in soil and decreased the diversity and abundance of fungal communities,and the abundance of beneficial bacterial genera in soil were all significantly increased.The correlation analysis results showed that the soil organic carbon,available potassium and alkaline nitrogen had significant effects on bacterial community characteristics in soil,while fungal community characteristics were mainly affected by the soil total nitrogen,organic carbon and available potassium.In conclusion,the combination of biomass charcoal and organic fertilizer had a certain mitigating effect on the continuous crop barrier in apple nursery land,which improved the microenvironment of the soil and enhanced the soil quality.

关 键 词：苹果 连作障碍 生物质炭 土壤理化性质 微生物群落特征 

分 类 号：S156[农业科学—土壤学]